Formula unit is the empirical formula of an ionic or a covalent compound. It is the chemical formula that gives the proportions of the elements present in a certain compound however it does not give the actual numbers or the arrangement of the atoms. For this case, there are 14 atoms of different elements that is involved in the compound.
        
             
        
        
        
My response to question (a) and (b) is that all of the element of the rope need to  aid or support the weight of the rope and as such, the tension will tend to increase along with height. 
Note that It increases linearly, if the rope is one that do not stretch. So, the wave speed v= √ T/μ   increases with height.
<h3>How does tension affect the speed of a wave in a rope?</h3>
The Increase of the tension placed on a string is one that tends to increases the speed of a wave, which in turn also increases the frequency of any given length.
Therefore,  My response to question (a) and (b) is that all of the element of the rope need to  aid or support the weight of the rope and as such, the tension will tend to increase along with height.  Note that It increases linearly, if the rope is one that do not stretch. So, the wave speed v= √ T/μ   increases with height.
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See full question below
(a) If a long rope is hung from a ceiling and waves are sent up the rope from its lower end, why does the speed of the waves change as they ascend? (b) Does the speed of the ascending waves increase or decrease? Explain.
 
        
             
        
        
        
FOR THAT YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND WHAT ACTUALLY KINETIC ENERGY IS.
It is a form of energy which is caused due to motion, when the ball is kicked, it is send into motion thus it gains kinetic energy, how come energy came from ? as you have already read this ENERGY MASS CANT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED. In this scenario the energy is being transferred by the football player into the ball which appears as the kinetic energy of the ball... that's how it works