PH + pOH = 14
11.8 + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 - 11.8
pOH = 2.2
[OH-] = 10 ^- pOH
[OH-] = 10 ^- 2.2
[OH-] = <span>6.33 x 10^-3 M
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Answer B
hope this helps!
<span>Energy is transferred through the separate trophic levels of a food chain or web by feeding.The first trophic level (producers) is that of plants which are examples of autotrophs – they make their own food. Photosynthesis occurs when the plants use solar energy and convert it into chemical energy so it can be stored in a carbon compound. Once this has happened the energy can be taken up by the primary consumers – these are in the second trophic level (herbivores and omnivores). Secondary consumers also need to gain energy in some way, and this is by eating the primary consumers that have gained energy from the producers, this means that the second trophic level has successfully transferred energy into the third level containing omnivores and carnivores. A succession in energy transferral means that a food web or food chain has a tertiary and/or quaternary trophic level which can contain carnivores and omnivores which are plant and animal eaters (this includes humans).This transfer in energy is fairly efficient for the organisms involved as around 10% of light energy that is converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis is transferred through the trophic levels, the rest is lost in respiration, as heat, faeces and urine. Not all of the energy can be passed along a food web or chain as it must be used in other things too, so it cannot be 100% efficient.</span>
Answer:
a) If the solvent-solute interactions in a mixture are <u>stronger than</u> the solvent-solvent interactions and the solute-solute interactions, a homogeneous solution forms.
b) If the solvent-solute interactions in a mixture are <u>weaker than</u> the solvent-solvent interactions and the solute-solute interactions, the formation of a homogeneous solution is uncertain.
Explanation:
The solubility of solute in given solvent mainly depends upon the intermolecular interactions between the solvent and the solute. If the solute is surrounded and solvated by the solvent then the solute will dissolve in that solvent. Therefore, in order to dissolve the solute must form stronger interactions with the solvent as compared to the solute solute interactions or solvent solvent interactions.
Example:
When NaCl is added to water the partial negative oxygen of water is attracted to Na⁺ of NaCl and the partial positive hydrogen of water is attracted to Cl⁻ of NaCl. These new interactions between the NaCl ions and water are stronger than the interactions between water molecules and NaCl molecules themselves hence, results in solubility of NaCl in water.
On the other hand, if NaCl is added to Hexane (C₆H₁₄) it fails to make strong interactions with the solvent molecules resulting in insolubility of NaCl in hexane.
