To know the electrostatic force between two charges or between two ions, you can use the Coulomb's Law. The equation is F = k*q1*q1/r^2, where F is the electrostatic force, q1 and q2 are the charger for Na and Cl, and r is the distance between the centers of both atoms. In literature, the distance is 0.5 nm or 0.5 x 10^-9 meters. The charge for Na+ and Cl- is the same magnitude but different in sign. Since Na+ is a cation, its charge is +1.603x10^-19 C (the charge of an electron). For Cl- being an anion, its charge is -1.603x10^-19 C. The constant k is an empirical value equal to 9x10^9. Using the formula:
F = (9x10^9)(+1.603x10^-19)(-1.603x10^-19)/(0.5 x 10^-9)^2
F = -9.25 x 10^-10 Newtons
The negative denotes that the net force is more towards the Cl- ion.
They are all biotic factors, meaning they were once alive or were alive. (an abiotic factor is something that has never lived.) hope this helped.
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The phenomenon that best explains the miscibility of heptane in pentane is that both are non-polar compounds.
<h3>Solubility of compounds</h3>
Solubility is defined as the ability of a solute or substance to dissolve in a given solvent and at a particular temperature.
Heptane is a straight-chain alkane hydrocarbon that contains 7 carbon atoms. It is a non polar solvent.
Pentane is also a straight-chain alkane hydrocarbon that contains 5 carbon atoms. It is also a non- polar solvent.
Both pentane and heptane are non-polar because the atoms in their molecules share electrons equally. They are able to dissolve each other because they are alike.
Learn more about solubility here:
brainly.com/question/23946616
