1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
mario62 [17]
2 years ago
10

Which substance would evaporate the fastest at room temperature? (Assume each substance has approximately the same molecular

Chemistry
1 answer:
lutik1710 [3]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

A non-polar liquid.

Explanation:

Whether a substance dissolves quickly or not depends on how strongly the molecules (or atoms of an element) of a substance are attracted to one another. These interactions between atoms and/or molecules are called intermolecular forces, or IMFs for short. There are several different ones, and these are distinguished from <em>intra</em>molecular forces which are the bonds holding atoms in the molecule together. Attached is a nice little summary of these forces to consider. Our decision lies within the fact that we must pick the substance that experiences the strongest IMF (the one with the most energy). As it turns out, a dipole in a molecule confers some charge distribution on the molecule which makes slightly positive and negative ends. These can attract each other, and it's called dipole-dipole interactions. It can technically happen in a mixture, but let's assume we're dealing with pure substances. Dipoles can only form in polar compounds however, so a non-polar liquid (which is composed of non-polar molecules), will lack these dipoles and therefore cannot form dipole-dipole interactions between the molecules. This results in only having something called dispersion forces (which really every molecule attraction has - so this is the only one). It is very weak, and since the attraction between these molecules is weak, they will tend to come apart, and evaporate. You can think of the IMFs like glue, and a weak glue will not hold the molecules together well, and they will evaporate away.

On the other hand, polar (from dipole interactions) compounds can have general dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen-bonding interactions (which is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction). H-bonding requires a Hydrogen bonded to either a Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine to do this. The main thing, is the non-polar ones don't have a dipole, and so they can't form a good intermolecular bond and evaporate quickly.

Water can H-bond, which is why it takes so long to dry and for it to evaporate in general. Nail polish, which is really a solution of acetone, has considerably weaker dipole-dipole bonds (compared to H-bonds), and evaporates quicker than water. Hope this helps!

Note: Figure taken from Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 8th edition.

You might be interested in
Determine the pH of (a) a 0.40 M CH3CO2H solution, (b) a solution that is 0.40 M CH3CO2H and 0.20 M NaCH3CO2
elena-s [515]

Answer:

a) pH = 2.573

b) pH = 4.347

Explanation:

a) weak acid: CH3COOH

  • CH3COOH + H2O ↔ CH3COO- + H3O+

∴ Ka = 1.8 E-5 = [H3O+][CH3COO-] / [CH3COOH]

∴ <em>C</em> CH3COOH = 0.40 M

mass balance:

⇒ 0.40 M = [CH3COO-] + [CH3COOH].........(1)

charge balance:

⇒ [H3O+] = [CH3COO-].........(2)

(2) in (1):

⇒ [CH3COOH] = 0.40 - [H3O+]

replacing in Ka:

⇒ Ka = 1.8 E-5 = [H3O+]² / ( 0.40 - [H3O+] )

⇒ [H3O+]² = 7.2 E-6 - 1.8 E-5[H3O+]

⇒ [H3O+]² + 1.8 E-5[H3O+] - 7.2 E-6 = 0

⇒ [H3O+] = 2.6743 E-3 M

∴ pH = - Log [H3O+]

⇒ pH = 2.573

b) balanced reations:

  • CH3COONa + H2O → Na+  +  CH3COO-
  • CH3COOH + H2O ↔ CH3COO-  +  H3O+

∴ <em>C</em> CH3COOH = 0.40 M

∴ <em>C</em> CH3COONa = 0.20 M

mass balanced:

⇒ <em>C</em> CH3COOH + <em>C</em> CH3COONa = [CH3COO-] + [CH3COOH]

⇒ 0.60 = [CH3COO-] + [CH3COOH]......(1)

charge balanced:

⇒ [H3O+] + [Na+] = [CH3COO-]

∴ [Na+] = 0.20 M

⇒ [H3O+] + 0.20 M = [CH3COO-]........(2)

(2) in (1):

⇒ 0.60 M = ( [H3O+] + 0.20 ) + [CH3COOH]

⇒ [CH3COOH] = 0.40 - [H3O+]

replacing in Ka:

⇒ 1.8 E-5 = ([H3O+])([H3O+] + 0.20) / (0.40 - [H3O+])

⇒ 7.2 E-6  - 1.8 E-5[H3O+] = [H3O+]² + 0.20[H3O+]

⇒ [H3O+]² + 0.20[H3O+] - 7.2 E-6 = 0

⇒ [H3O+] = 4.499 E-5 M

⇒ pH = 4.347

7 0
3 years ago
Compound X has a molar mass of 283.89 mol^-1 and the following composition:
olchik [2.2K]

Explanation:

the above process is done in very detail .

hope this is helpful.

7 0
3 years ago
compute the mass of caso4 that can be prepared by the reaction of 3.2900g of h2so4 with 3.1660g of caco3
viva [34]
<span>1 mole of calcium carbonate reacts with 1 mole of sulfuric acid and produces 1 mole of calcium sulfate. 3.1660 g of CaCO3 is how many moles of calcium carbonate? 3.1660 / 100.0869 = 0.031633 moles. 3.2900 g of H2S04 is how many moles of sulfuric acid? 3.2900 / 98.079 = 0.033544 moles.
</span><span>The lesser of the two is 0.031633 moles. Therefore, 0.031633 moles of calcium carbonate will combine with 0.031633 moles of sulfuric acid to produce 0.031633 moles of calcium sulfate. Molecular weight of calcium sulfate is 136.14 g/mol. Therefore, 0.031633 moles of calcium sulfate will weight 0.031633 x 136.14 g/mol = 4.3065 grams.</span>
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The combustion reaction for methane is shown below:
horrorfan [7]

Answer:

P =  14.1 atm    

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of methane = 64 g

pressure exerted by water vapors = ?

Volume of engine = 24.0 L

Temperature = 515 K

Solution:

Chemical equation:

CH₄ + 2O₂      →      CO₂ + 2H₂O + energy

Number of moles of methane:

Number of moles = mass / molar mass

number of moles = 64 g/ 16 g/mol

Number of moles = 4 mol

Now we will compare the moles of water vapors and methane.

              CH₄          :            H₂O  

                 1            :             2

                 4            :         2/1×4 = 8 mol

Pressure of water vapors:

PV = nRT

R = general gas constant = 0.0821 atm.L/mol.K

P = 8 mol × 0.0821 atm.L/mol.K× 515 K / 24.0 L

P = 338.25 atm.L/ /  24.0 L

P =  14.1 atm      

4 0
3 years ago
Why does changing the volume of a container change the pressure of the gas in it?​
klio [65]

Changing the volume increases the area that the molecules collide with so the force is spread over a larger area.

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • A mother pulls her two children on a sled through the snow along a flat street. How much work is done if she pulls her children
    5·1 answer
  • How does the atomic arrangement of atoms lead to its crystal structure like was seen in the sample of bronze with gold (Au) and
    8·1 answer
  • What state of matter has a defined volume and takes the shape of its container?
    6·1 answer
  • Is the following chemical reaction balanced?
    11·2 answers
  • Which type of radiation is blocked by the skin but is the most dangerous once it is inside the body?
    7·2 answers
  • Non-polar covalent compounds can dissolve _______. A. polar covalent compounds B. ionic compounds C. non-polar covalent compound
    11·1 answer
  • How many electrons do the following have?<br> Gold<br> Iron<br> Copper<br> Uranium
    13·1 answer
  • The isotope of an atom containing 31 protons and 39 neutrons suddenly has two neutrons added to it. What isotope is create?
    14·1 answer
  • The lakes, streams, and rivers that drain into the Chesapeake Bay together form a very large _____.
    10·1 answer
  • The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.
    6·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!