Increasing the number of bulbs in a series circuit decreases the brightness of the bulbs. In a series circuit, the voltage is equally distributed among all of the bulbs. Bulbs in parallel are brighter than bulbs in series. In a parallel circuit the voltage for each bulb is the same as the voltage in the circuit.
With the switch open, there's no current in the circuit, and therefore
no voltage drop across any of the dissipative elements (the resistor
or the battery's internal impedance). So the entire battery voltage
appears across the switch, and the voltmeter reads 12.0V .
Answer:
The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another is called refraction. The angle and wavelength at which the light enters a substance and the density of that substance determine how much the light is refracted. The bending occurs because light travels more slowly in a denser medium.
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Given the time, the final velocity and the acceleration, we can calculate the initial velocity using the kinematic equation A:

A skateboarder flies horizontally off a cement planter. After a time of 3 seconds (Δt), he lands with a final velocity (v) of −4.5 m/s. Assuming the acceleration is -9.8 m/s² (a), we can calculate the initial velocity of the skateboarder (v₀) using the kinematic equation A.

Given the time, the final velocity and the acceleration, we can calculate the initial velocity using the kinematic equation A:

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The change in gravitational potential energy due to change in position must be the change in it's kinetic energy as the system is isolated! so find out the potential energies of the two different points!
<span>PE=−[G<span>M1</span><span>M2</span>]÷R
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Potential energy of a particle due to mass A is not affected by presence of any other mass B !</span>