4. One gram of of ............... contains one type of atoms. a. iron b. ammonia c. hydrogen chloride d. water
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First, we need to calculate how much energy we will get from this combustion.
Assuming the combustion is complete, we have the octane reacting with O₂ to form only water and CO₂, so:
We need to balance the reaction. Carbon only appear on two parts, so, we can start by it:
Now, we balance the hydrogen:
And in the end, the oxygen:
We can multiply all coefficients by 2 to get integer ones:
Now, we need to use the enthalpies of formation to get the enthalpy of reaction of this reaction.
The enthalpy of reaction can be calculated by adding the enthalpies of formation of the products multiplied by their stoichiometric coefficients and substracting the sum of enthalpies of formation of the reactants multiplied by their stoichiometric coefficients.
For the reactants, we have (the enthalpy of formation of pure compounds is zero, which is the case for O₂):
For the products, we have:
Now, we substract the rectants from the produtcs:
Now, this enthalpy of reaction is for 2 moles of C₈H₁₈, so for 1 mol of C₈H₁₈ we have half this value:
Now, we have 100 g of C₈H₁₈, and its molar weight is approximately 114.22852 g/mol, so the number of moles in 100 g of C₈H₁₈ is:
Since we have approximately 0.875438 mol, and 1 mol releases -5467.4kJ when combusted, we have:
Now, for the other part, we need to calculate how much heat it is necessary to melt a mass, <em>m</em>.
First, we have to heat the ice to 0 °C, so:
Then, we need to melt all this mass, so we use the latent heat now:
Converting mass to number of moles of water we have:
So:
Adding them, we have a total heat of:
Since we have a heat of 4786.37 kJ form the combustion, we input that to get the mass (the negative sign is removed because it only means that the heat is released from the reaction, but now it is absorbed by the ice):
Since we have a total of 20kg of ice, we can clculate the percent using it: