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Svetllana [295]

3 years ago

13

A chemist has a small amount of compound ( b.p. = 65 oC) that must be fractionally distilled. Yet, the Chemist does not want to

lose any of the compound to hold up on the column. What the chemist should do?

1 answer:

koban [17]3 years ago

6 0

Answer:

The chemist can either:

a. Use a small fractionation apparatus.

b. Add a compound with a much higher boiling point.

Explanation:

Using a smaller fractionation apparatus or Vigreux column will help to minimize loss of the distillate.

If a compound with a higher boiling point is added, the vapors of this liquid will displace the vapors of this small amount of compound with a lower boiling point. This compound with a higher boiling point is known as a Chaser.

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A river with a flow of 50 m3/s discharges into a lake with a volume of 15,000,000 m3. The river has a background pollutant conce

spin [16.1K]

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

Volume of lake = $15 \times 10^{6} m^{3}$ = $15 \times 10^{6} m^{3} \times \frac{10^{3} liter}{1 m^{3}}$

Concentration of lake = 5.6 mg/l

Total amount of pollutant present in lake = $5.6 \times 15 \times 10^{9} mg$

= $84 \times 10^{9}$ mg

= $84 \times 10^{3}$ kg

Flow rate of river is 50 $m^{3} sec^{-1}$

Volume of water in 1 day = $50 \times 10^{3} \times 86400 liter$

= $432 \times 10^{7}$ liter

Concentration of river is calculated as 5.6 mg/l. Total amount of pollutants present in the lake are $2.9792 \times 10^{10} mg$ or $2.9792 \times 10^{4} kg$

Flow rate of sewage = $0.7 m^{3} sec^{-1}$

Volume of sewage water in 1 day = $6048 \times 10^{4}$ liter

Concentration of sewage = 300 mg/L

Total amount of pollutants = $1.8144 \times 10^{10} mg$ or $1.8144 \times 10^{4}kg$

Therefore, total concentration of lake after 1 day = $\frac{131936 \times 10^{6}}{1.938 \times 10^{10}}mg/ l$

= 6.8078 mg/l

$k_{D}$ = 0.2 per day

$L_{o}$ = 6.8078

Hence, $L_{liquid}$ = $L_{o}(1 - e^{-k_{D}t}$

$L_{liquid}$ = $6.8078 (1 - e^{-0.2 \times 1})$

= 1.234 mg/l

Hence, the remaining concentration = (6.8078 - 1.234) mg/l

= 5.6 mg/l

Thus, we can conclude that concentration leaving the lake one day after the pollutant is added is 5.6 mg/l.

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