The correct answer is D. A study hall
Explanation:
In sociology, a normative organization or voluntary organization refers to a group of people that organizes for a common purpose but are not forced to do it which implies people gather voluntarily usually because they enjoy it or find this rewarding. This is the case of different clubs such as book club, movie clubs, among others, also applies to protest groups or similar groups. However, a study hall is not an example of a normative organization, because in study halls students are assigned to study if they do not have class and this is not voluntary or only joined by those that want to study but all students have in this room and they are even monitored.
William Magear "boss" Tweed is a corrupt representative who defrauds millions of dollars from New Yorkers. He and his peers in the Democratic Party in New York exploit their power in the government for personal gain. As a civil reformer and a cartoonist, Thomas Nast portrays William Tweed as a vulture who preys on New Yorkers.
The answer to this question is psychodynamic....
American colonists. Its easy really.