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Olin [163]
2 years ago
10

Sec. 5.1: “Simple Ions”

Chemistry
1 answer:
german2 years ago
5 0

The chemical properties of an atom of an element depends on its electronic configuration.

Ions are formed by loss or gain of electrons by atoms.

<h3>What is electronic configuration of an atom?</h3>

Electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.

  • How much an element reacts depends on its electronic configuration.
  • Noble gases are the least reactive elements because their outer energy levels are filled with octet electrons. (except He, which is full with 2)

In most chemical reactions, atoms try to have the electron configurations of the noble gases by either losing or gaining electrons.

Most atoms want to become stable.

<h3>What is the octet rule?</h3><h3 />

Octet rule is a concept of chemical bonding theory that is based on the assumption that atoms tend to have either empty valence shells (energy levels) or full valence shells of eight electrons. “8 is octet”

<h3>What are Alkali metals and Halogens?</h3>

Alkali Metals and Halogens are the most Reactive Elements

  • As members of Group 1, alkali metals have only one electron in their outermost shell.
  • By losing that 1 electron, an alkali metal can get an electron configuration like a noble gas, with eight electrons in its outermost energy level.

1s22s22p63s23p64s1 is the electronic configuration of potassium.

Potassium will lose the 1 electron in the 4th energy level so that its outmost energy level is empty.

Potassium does not gain 7 electrons to become stable instead of losing because the energy associated with losing one electron is less than that needed to gain 7 electrons.

  • As members of Group 7, the halogens have seven electrons in their outermost shell.
  • By gaining one electron, a halogen can get an electron configuration like a noble gas, with eight electrons in its outermost energy level.

1s22s22p63s23p5 is the electronic configuration of chlorine

Chlorine will gain 1 electron to make its outmost energy level full.

After it losing one electron, potassium has the same electron configuration as chlorine does after it gains one electron.

Both are the same as the noble gas argon 1s22s22p63s23p6

  • The atoms of many elements become stable by achieving the electron configuration of a noble gas.
  • The electrons in the outermost energy level are called valence electrons.

<h3>What are valence electrons?</h3>

To find out how many valence electrons an atom has, check the shorthand electronic configuration.

Magnesium, Mg, has the shorthand electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2

The outermost energy level is the 3 energy level.

This means that a magnesium atom has two electrons, both in the 3s

orbital.

The shorthand electron configuration for phosphorus, P, is: [Ne] 3s23p3

The outermost energy level is the 3 energy level.

This means that each phosphorus atom has five valence electrons: 2 in the 3s

orbital, and 3 in the 3p orbital.

<h3>What are ions?</h3>

  • Atoms Gain or Lose electrons to form ions.
  • All atoms are different because they have different numbers of protons and electrons.

For example, a potassium atom has 19 protons and 19 electrons .

After losing 1 electron, potassium still has 19 protons but now only has 18 electrons .

Because the numbers are not the same, there is a net positive charge.

An Ion is an atom, radical, or molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons and has a positive or negative charge.

<h3>The formation of potassium ion</h3>

Potassium atom forms an ion with a 1+ charge in the following step:

K ---> K+ + e-

<h3>What are Cations and Anions?</h3>

  • Cation: an ion that has a positive charge.

In the case of chlorine, far less energy is required for an atom to gain one

electron rather than lose its seven valence electrons to become stable.

Show how a chlorine atom forms an ion with a 1- charge:

Cl + e- ----> Cl-

  • Anion: an ion that has a negative charge.

Both an atom and its ion have the same number of protons and neutrons so the nuclei are the same.

But, an atom and its ion have different numbers of electrons.

The chemical properties of an atom depend on the number and configuration of its electrons .

So, an atom and its ion have same number atomic number.

Learn more about atoms, ions, and valence electrons at: brainly.com/question/11552489

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According to the ph scale, what is the approximate ph of ammonia solution?
UNO [17]
I believe that the answer is 11.5
5 0
3 years ago
Is it possible for the equivalence point of a titration to not be at pH 7? Explain your answer.
lara31 [8.8K]
<span>The reason it will be 7 for some titrations is that when you  titrates a strong acid with a strong base for example  HCl and NaOH the salt formed is conjugate base of strong acid and will be a very weak base
 That means that it cannot produce any OH^-1 and all the H+ has been converted to water.The only source of H+ or OH is water with a Ka of 10^-14 so the pH = -log [H+]=-log 10^-7 = 7 
second reason is 
When you titrates a weak acid with strong base at equivalence point 
only a water solution of the conjugate base exists 

CH3COOH + NaOH ----- Na+ CH3COO^-1 + H2O 
Since the conjugate base is the conjugate base of a weak acid it will hydrolyze in water like so 
for instance Na+ CH3COO^-1 + HCl---- CH3COOH + NaCl the equivalence point will be way BELOW 7 and in the case of above will be less than 5. So pH of 7 at equivalence point is only reached in strong acid strong base titrations.
hope this helps</span>
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What nuclide undergoes fission to form molybdenum-103, atomic number 42, tin-131, atomic number 50, and two neutrons?
FrozenT [24]

Answer:

The correct answer is Pu, 234.

Explanation:

In the given case, let us consider the reactant as X. Now the mass number (balanced) on both the sides will be,

Mass of X = Mass of Molybdenum + Mass of Tin + Mass of neutrons

M = 1 * 103 + 1 * 131 + 2 * 0

M = 234

Now the atomic number (balanced) on both the sides,

Atomic number of X = Atomic number of Molybdenum + Atomic number of Tin + Atomic number of neutrons

A = 1*42 + 1*50 + 2*1

A = 94

The atomic number 94 is for the element Plutonium, whose symbol is Pu. Thus, the reactant is 234-Pu.

6 0
3 years ago
A 215-g sample of copper metal at some temperature is added to 26.6 g of water. The initial water temperature is 22.22 oC, and t
andrezito [222]

The initial temperature of the copper metal was 27.38 degrees.

Explanation:

Data given:

mass of the copper metal sample = 215 gram

mass of water = 26.6 grams

Initial temperature of water = 22.22 Degrees

Final temperature of water = 24.44 degrees

Specific heat capacity of water = 0.385 J/g°C

initial temperature of copper material , Ti=?

specific heat capacity of water = 4.186 joule/gram °C

from the principle of:

heat lost = heat gained

heat gained by water is given by:

q water = mcΔT

Putting the values in the equation:

qwater = 26.6 x 4.186 x (2.22)

qwater = 247.19 J

qcopper = 215 x 0.385 x (Ti-24.4)

              = 82.77Ti - 2019.71

Now heat lost by metal = heat gained by water

82.77Ti - 2019.71 = 247.19

Ti = 27.38 degrees

8 0
3 years ago
Which is a property of barium (Ba)?
777dan777 [17]

Answer:

i think but i am not sure but according to me it mainly reacts yo non metals and i think its very reactive if my answer is wrong then comment below this question i will see it and i will get an opportunity to learn something new

4 0
3 years ago
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