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Mademuasel [1]
2 years ago
8

Caffeine is one of many naturally occurring chemicals in tea plants that plays two important roles: protecting the plant from pr

edators while making its flowers appealing to pollinators such as bees. It is known to be soluble in both pure water and pure dichloromethane, but exhibits a preference towards one solvent over the other. Describe the procedural steps to perform a liquid-liquid extraction and isolation of solid caffeine from a sample of one commercial tea bag.
Chemistry
1 answer:
AnnyKZ [126]2 years ago
6 0

Caffeine is more soluble in dichloromethane and the both are separated by evaporating the solvent.

Caffeine is an organic plant material which is more soluble in non-polar solvents than in polar solvents. As such, caffeine is more soluble in dichloromethane than in pure water.

In order to carry out a liquid-liquid exaction of dichloromethane from a commercial teabag, the dichloromethane is mixed with water. The caffeine is found to be more soluble in the organic dichloromethane layer than in water.

The two solvents can now be separated using a separating funnel and the solution is evaporated to obtain the caffeine.

Learn more: brainly.com/question/967776

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Given these reactions, where X represents a generic metal or metalloid 1 ) H 2 ( g ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) ⟶ H 2 O ( g ) Δ H 1 = − 241
Mazyrski [523]

Answer:

-767,2kJ

Explanation:

It is possible to sum enthalpies of half-reactions to obtain the enthalpy of a global reaction using Hess's law. For the reactions:

1) H₂(g) + ¹/₂O₂(g) ⟶ H₂O(g) ΔH₁= −241.8 kJ

2) X(s) + 2Cl₂(g) ⟶ XCl₄(s) ΔH₂= +361.7 kJ

3) ¹/₂H₂(g) + ¹/₂Cl₂(g) ⟶ HCl (g) ΔH₃= −92.3 kJ

4) X(s) + O₂(g) ⟶ XO₂(s) ΔH₄= − 607.9 kJ

5) H₂O(g) ⟶ H₂O(l) ΔH₅= − 44.0 kJ

The sum of (4) - (2) produce:

6) XCl₄(s) + O₂(g) ⟶ XO₂(s) + 2Cl₂(g) ΔH₆ = ΔH₄ - ΔH₂ = -969,6 kJ

(6) + 4×(3):

7) XCl₄(s) + 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) ⟶ XO₂(s) + 4HCl(g) ΔH₇ = ΔH₆ + 4ΔH₃= -1338,8 kJ

(7) - 2×(1):

8) XCl₄(s) + 2H₂O(g) ⟶ XO₂(s) + 4HCl(g) ΔH₈ = ΔH₇ - 2ΔH₁= -855,2kJ

(8) - 2×(5):

9) XCl₄(s) + 2H₂O(l) ⟶ XO₂(s) + 4HCl(g) ΔH₉ = ΔH₈ - 2ΔH₅= <em>-767,2kJ</em>

I hope it helps!

6 0
3 years ago
Whenever a number or a variable is divided<br> by itself, it is always equal to
Jobisdone [24]

Answer:itself

Explanation:

Duh

5 0
3 years ago
Carbon-14 (14C) dating assumes that the carbon dioxide on the Earth today has the same radioactive content as it did centuries a
Nataly [62]

<u>Answer:</u> The tree was burned 16846.4 years ago to make the ancient charcoal

<u>Explanation:</u>

The equation used to calculate rate constant from given half life for first order kinetics:

t_{1/2}=\frac{0.693}{k}

where,

t_{1/2} = half life of the reaction = 5715 years

Putting values in above equation, we get:

k=\frac{0.693}{5715yrs}=1.21\times 10^{-4}yrs^{-1}

Rate law expression for first order kinetics is given by the equation:

k=\frac{2.303}{t}\log\frac{[A_o]}{[A]}

where,

k = rate constant  = 1.21\times 10^{-4}yr^{-1}

t = time taken for decay process = ? yr

[A_o] = initial amount of the sample = 100 grams

[A] = amount left after decay process =  13 grams

Putting values in above equation, we get:

1.21\times 10^{-4}=\frac{2.303}{t}\log\frac{100}{13}\\\\t=16864.4yrs

Hence, the tree was burned 16846.4 years ago to make the ancient charcoal

8 0
3 years ago
6. Calculate the molarity if 35.0 grams of KBr are dissolved in 700. ml?
olga55 [171]

Answer:

To calculate molarity, divide the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. If you don't know the number of moles of solute but you know the mass, start by finding the molar mass of the solute, which is equal to all of the molar masses of each element in the solution added together.

Explanation:

try starting with 35.0 and dived it by the volume

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
5. Students hypothesize that temperature is a limiting factor for the germination of seeds. They carry out an experiment to
Lelechka [254]

Answer:

keep adding to on each term its quit simple

8 0
2 years ago
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