.42; 3.4 divided by 8.1 is about .42
Random errors will shift each measurement from its true value by a random amount and in a random direction. These will affect reliability (since they're random) but may not affect the overall accuracy of a result.
Answer: 12.18 u
Explanation: The average atomic mass of an element is calculated by taking the weighted average of the atomic masses of its stable isotopes.
In other words, each stable isotope will contribute to the average mass of the element proportionally to its abundance.
Answer:
Ground state
the state with the smallest amount of energy.
