Answer: If the light ray hits the boundary at an angle which is not perpendicular to or parallel to the surface, then it will change direction and appear to `bend'
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The molecule CO2 have 2 lone pairs located in the oxygen atoms. It has two double bonds also connecting carbon atom to the two oxygen atoms. It does obey the octet rule so the atoms need 8 electrons in each of them that is why electrons are shared.
I think maybe reptiles bu i could be wrong. :)
Weak base: [OH⁻] = √Kb.C
pKb = 4.2
c = concentration
MM Amphetamine (C9H13N) = 135.21 g/mol
c = 215 mg/L = (0.215 g : 135,21 g/mol) / L = 0.00159 mol/L = 1.59 x 10⁻³ mol/L
pOH = 4 - log 3.17
pH = 14 - (4 - log 3.17)
pH = 10 + log 3.17 = 10.50