The executive branch is responsible for developing and implementing foreign policy. The National Security Council (NSC), the CIA, the Departments of State and Defense, are the main institutions for making policy.
What are the National Security Council (NSC), the CIA, the Departments of State and Defense?
The War Department, the Department of the Navy, and the U.S. Air Force were combined to become the Defense Department in 1949. The secretary of defense can have a significant impact on foreign policy. The president receives guidance on military planning and strategy from the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which consists of the four chiefs of staff of the armed services and a chairperson.
The president and vice president, the secretaries of state and defense, the director of the CIA, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (the armed services' leadership council), as well as about a dozen other government officials, make up the National Security Council (NSC), which is led by the national security advisor. The council is in charge of giving the president foreign policy advice. The NSC's function changes depending on the administration. Nixon, who was quite educated about international issues, depended heavily on the NSC. Indeed, Henry Kissinger, his national security adviser, was directly involved in establishing ties with the People's Republic of China and represented the US in talks to end the Vietnam War.
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C. States needed federal approval to make changes to voting laws.
3 and 1 are probably the right ones (not sure).
Plaintiff - The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
defendant - In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
A lawyer (also called attorney, counsel, or counselor) is a licensed professional who advises and represents others in legal matter
witness - A person called upon by either side in a lawsuit to give testimony before the court or jury.
judge - Government official with authority to decide lawsuits brought before courts. Judicial officers of the Supreme Court and the highest court in each state are called justices.
jury - Persons selected according to law and sworn to inquire into and declare a verdict on matters of fact. State court juries can be as small as six jurors in some cases. Federal juries for civil suits must have six jurors criminal suits must have twelve.
Trial
After many weeks or months of preparation, the prosecutor is ready for the most important part of his job: the trial. The trial is a structured process where the facts of a case are presented to a jury, and they decide if the defendant is guilty or not guilty of the charge offered. During trial, the prosecutor uses witnesses and evidence to prove to the jury that the defendant committed the crime(s). The defendant, represented by an attorney, also tells his side of the story using witnesses and evidence.
In a trial, the judge — the impartial person in charge of the trial — decides what evidence can be shown to the jury. A judge is similar to a referee in a game, they are not there to play for one side or the other but to make sure the entire process is played fairly.
Jury Instructions
Following the closing arguments, the judge “charges the jury,” or informs them of the appropriate law and of what they must do to reach a verdict.
Jury Deliberations & Announcement of the Verdict
After being charged, the jury goes into deliberation, the process of deciding whether a defendant is guilty or not guilty. During this process, no one associated with the trial can contact the jury without the judges and lawyers. If the jury has a question on the law, they must write a note to the judge, which the judge will read in court with all parties present. In federal criminal trials, the jury must reach a unanimous decision in order to convict the defendant.
After they reach an agreement on a verdict, they notify the judge, the lawyers, and the defendant in open court. Everyone is present in court for the reading of the verdict. The United States Marshals Service is present during trial to protect the judge and prosecutors from potential harm. If the defendant is found not guilty, they are usually free to go home.