Answer:
a) 
b) 
Step-by-step explanation:
Let's define the following events first:
F: The event that a course has a final exam.
R: The event that a course requires a research paper
From the info provided we have that:
P(F and R) =0.32
So then we can create a Venn diagram as we can see on the figure attached.
a. Find the probability that a course has a final exam or a research project.
For this case we can find the probability like this:

b. Find the probability that a course has NEITHER of these two requirements.
For this case we can use the complement rule and we can find the probability like this:

And that's the same value obtained with the diagram.
11,513 is the answer I really don't know how to write it all out sorry
Step-by-step explanation: To solve for x in this literal equation, I would first distribute the C through the parentheses to get y = cx + cb.
Now subtract cb from both sides to get y - cb = cx.
Finally, divide both sides by c to get y - cb / c = x.
Answer:
the answer to this complicated problem is 25
Answer:
12
(If needed explanation ask in the comments! ty)
Hope This Helps! •v•