—By the maximum shear stress is then calculated by: where b = 2 (ro − ri) is the effective width of the cross section, Ic = π (ro4 − ri4) / 4 is the centroidal moment of inertia, and A = π (ro2 − ri2) is the area of the cross section.
Harmonic excitation refers to a sinusoidal external force of a certain frequency applied to a system. ... Resonance occurs when the external excitation has the same frequency as the natural frequency of the system. It leads to large displacements and can cause a system to exceed its elastic range and fail structurally.
