a)
b) 0.43 V
c) 0.44 %
Explanation:
a)
For a battery with internal resistance, the relationship between emf of the battery and the terminal voltage (the voltage provided) is
(1)
where
V is the terminal voltage
E is the emf of the battery
I is the current
r is the internal resistance
In this problem, we have two situations:
1) when ,
Using Ohm's Law, the current is:
2) when ,
Using Ohm's Law, the current is:
Now we can rewrite eq.(1) in two forms:
And we can solve this system of equations to find r, the internal resistance. We do it by substracting eq.(2) from eq(1), we find:
b)
To find the electromotive force (emf) of the solar cell, we simply use the equation used in part a)
where
V is the terminal voltage
E is the emf of the battery
I is the current
r is the internal resistance
Using the first set of data,
is the voltage
is the current
is the internal resistance
Solving for E,
c)
In this part, we are told that the area of the cell is
While the intensity of incoming radiation (the energy received per unit area) is
This means that the power of the incoming radiation is:
This is the power in input to the resistor.
The power in output to the resistor can be found by using
where:
is the resistance of the resistor
is the current on the resistor (found in part A)
Susbtituting,
Therefore, the efficiency of the cell in converting light energy to thermal energy is:
