High specific heat of the water. Option (c)
What is Specific heat?
The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius is referred to as the substance's specific heat. Typically, calories or joules are used per gram and degree Celsius when referring to the units of specific heat.
The moderate temperature of islands has much to do with the water's high specific heat. The typical off-water is more significant than this clear land or soil. Due to this fact, water absorbs and releases eat more slowly. In comparison to the land.
Hence, the water has high specific heat.
To learn more about specific heat the link is given below:
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The atom in an excited state has more energy and is less stable than the atom in the ground state.
Any force of 29.4 Newtons or greater can do it.