Answer:
by statistical analyses, especially by determining the p-value
Explanation:
In general, observations and results obtained from experimental procedures are subjected to a statistical test to check the robustness of the working hypothesis. The p-value is the most widely used statistical index in order to test such observations and results. The p-value is the statistical probability of obtaining extreme observed results when the null hypothesis is considered correct. A p-value lesser than 0.05 generally is considered statistically significant and then the null hypothesis can be rejected. In consequence, a very low p-value (which is obtained by statistical analysis of the observations and results), indicates that there is strong evidence in support of the alternative hypothesis.
How many protons are in an isotope of sodium with a mass number of 25? 11
We know 1 mole of any atom or molecules contains 
atom or molecules.
1 mole of HBr i.e 81 gm/mol contains atom or molecules.
So, mass of 
molecules is :
Therefore, mass of molecules is 1.21 gm .
Hence, this is the required solution.
Answer:The product and reactants reach a final, unchanging level.
