The surface along which the crust moves is called a fracture.
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Answer : The oxidation-reduction reactions are:
I. reaction of a metal with a nonmetal
II. synthesis
III. combustion
Explanation :
Redox reaction or Oxidation-reduction reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which the oxidation and reduction reaction takes place simultaneously.
Oxidation reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which a substance looses its electrons. In this, oxidation state of an element increases. Or we can say that in oxidation, the loss of electrons takes place.
Reduction reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains electrons. In this, oxidation state of an element decreases. Or we can say that in reduction, the gain of electrons takes place.
I. Reaction of a metal with a nonmetal :
When sodium react with chlorine gas then it react to give sodium chloride.
In this reaction, the oxidation state of sodium changes from (0) to (+1) and shows oxidation and the oxidation state of chlorine changes from (0) to (-1) and shows reduction. So, It is an oxidation-reduction reaction.
II. Synthesis reaction :
A chemical reaction where multiple substances or reactants combine to form a single product.
When hydrogen react with oxygen then it react to give water.
In this reaction, the oxidation state of hydrogen changes from (0) to (+1) and shows oxidation and the oxidation state of oxygen changes from (0) to (-2) and shows reduction. So, It is an oxidation-reduction reaction.
III. Combustion reaction :
A chemical reaction in which a hydrocarbon reaction with the oxygen to give product as carbon dioxide and water.
When methane react with oxygen gas then it react to give carbon dioxide and water.
In this reaction, the carbon of methane gain oxygen and shows oxidation and the oxygen gas gain hydrogen and shows reduction. So, It is an oxidation-reduction reaction.
IV. Precipitation reaction :
It is defined as the reaction in which an insoluble salt formed when two aqueous solutions are combined.
The insoluble salt that settle down in the solution is known an precipitate.
It is a double displacement reaction. So, it is not an oxidation-reduction reaction.
V. Decomposition reaction :
A chemical reaction in which the the larger molecule decomposes to give two or more smaller molecules.
The oxidation state remains same on reactant and product side. So, it is not an oxidation-reduction reaction.
Answer : The percent abundance of the heaviest isotope is, 78 %
Explanation :
Average atomic mass of an element is defined as the sum of masses of each isotope each multiplied by their natural fractional abundance.
Formula used to calculate average atomic mass follows:
As we are given that,
Average atomic mass = 48.68 amu
Mass of heaviest-weight isotope = 49.00 amu
Let the percentage abundance of heaviest-weight isotope = x %
Fractional abundance of heaviest-weight isotope =
Mass of lightest-weight isotope = 47.00 amu
Percentage abundance of lightest-weight isotope = 10 %
Fractional abundance of lightest-weight isotope =
Mass of middle-weight isotope = 48.00 amu
Percentage abundance of middle-weight isotope = [100 - (x + 10)] % = (90 - x) %
Fractional abundance of middle-weight isotope =
Now put all the given values in above formula, we get:
Therefore, the percent abundance of the heaviest isotope is, 78 %