Answer is: 2. atomic number.
Atomic number is unique and defines an element. Atomic number (Z) is total number of protons in an atom.
For example, nitrogen atom (N-14) has 7 protons (p⁺), 7 electrons (e⁻) and 7 neutrons (n°). Protons (positive charge) and neutrons are in the nucleus of atom, electrons (negative charge) are bound to the nucleus in spherical shells. Nitrogen is an element with atomic number 7. Mass number (A) is the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. Nitrogen mass number is 14 (A = p⁺ + n°; A = 14).
Answer:
a: 1st paragraph from the left side indicates Newton's first law.
b:, 2nd paragraph from the left side indicates Newton's third law.
c: 1st paragraph from right side indicates Newton's first law.
d: 2nd paragraph from right side indicates Newton's second law.
Explanation:
<span>I did some investigation and summarized the process and made a clearer explanation so those who are confused can imagine the process better :) A scientific theory attempts to explain and describe why things happen. Hypotheses are formed and experiments are done to validate or toss the hypothesis based on the data collected. The Atomic Theory has gone through lots of refining as a scientific theory. For instance, William Crookes conduced an experiment with cathode ray tubes powered by electricity that glowed when powered. Crookes placed an object in between the positive and negative electrode and concluded that the shadow made on the positive side was small particles of matter traveling from the negative side. But more evidence was needed so, later on, J.J. Thomson continued Crookes experiment. He tested what would happen if a negative or positive charged rod was placed along the ray tubes and if it would differ if a different element was used as the negative electrode. Thomson found out that the beam had negatively charged particles and that even if the negative electrode is substituted, the glow is still present, meaning that all elements also had the small negative particles. These particles(now known as electrons) were smaller than the atom and were added to the model of the atom dispersed throughout the neutrally charged atom inside its positive sphere. Now came along Rutherford hoping to support Thomsons model by firing positively charged particles at a thin gold foil thinking it would go straight through the foil, but instead it evenly distributed as they went through the foil, concluding that atoms have a small, dense nucleus(containing positive protons and most of the mass of the atom) that deflected the particles passing through. This was a drastic change in the model now knowing that 1 proton has 2000 times the mass of an electron, but its positive charge cancels the negative electron. After WW1, Chadwick and others were seeing that sometimes the mass of the atom was greater than the mass of the protons and the number of protons was less than the mass of the atom. So it was thought that there were extra electrons and protons adding mass in the nucleus but cancelling their charges, but Rutherford proposed a particle with mass but no charge and called it a neutron; made of paired protons and electrons. But scientists kept studying atoms since there was no evidence of the neutron. Chadwick repeated these experiments though, in hopes to find the neutron and succeeded in 1932, finding it in the nucleus with a close mass to the proton. Thanks to these experiments for refining a scientific theory, we now have a clearer model of the atom.</span>
The difference between an organ and a tissue is that basically tissues are a group of similar cells that works together. Then a group of tissue that works together would make up an organ. Groups of organ working together later makes up an organ system. This is the main difference between an organ and a tissue.
