Answer:
0.024 m = 24.07 mm
Explanation:
1) Notation
= tensile stress = 200 Mpa
= plane strain fracture toughness= 55 Mpa
= length of a surface crack (Variable of interest)
2) Definition and Formulas
The Tensile strength is the ability of a material to withstand a pulling force. It is customarily measured in units (F/A), like the pressure. Is an important concept in engineering, especially in the fields of materials and structural engineering.
By definition we have the following formula for the tensile stress:
(1)
We are interested on the minimum length of a surface that will lead to a fracture, so we need to solve for 
Multiplying both sides of equation (1) by 
(2)
Sequaring both sides of equation (2):
(3)
Dividing both sides by
we got:
(4)
Replacing the values into equation (4) we got:
![\lambda=\frac{1}{\pi}[\frac{55 Mpa\sqrt{m}}{1.0(200Mpa)}]^2 =0.02407m](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Clambda%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Cpi%7D%5B%5Cfrac%7B55%20Mpa%5Csqrt%7Bm%7D%7D%7B1.0%28200Mpa%29%7D%5D%5E2%20%3D0.02407m)
3) Final solution
So the minimum length of a surface crack that will lead to fracture, would be 24.07 mm or more.
Answer:

Explanation:
Our values are,
State 1

We know moreover for the tables A-15 that

State 2

For tables we know at T=320K

We need to use the ideal gas equation to estimate the mass, so



Using now for the final mass:



We only need to apply a energy balance equation:




The negative value indidicates heat ransfer from the system
When the material that exits is lesser in amount than that of the entering material in a black box experiment, the parts of the system need to be changed.
<h3>What happens in a black box experiment?</h3>
In a black box experiment, the experimenters need to make assumptions regarding the drawing of conclusions. One such conclusion is the amount of material that exits.
If such amount is lesser than the one that enters the system, such experiment concludes that it is the time to change the parts of the system.
Hence, option D holds true regarding the black box experiment.
Learn more about black box experiment here:
brainly.com/question/13403296
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Answer:
See the attached pictures for detailed answer.
Explanation:
See the attached pictures for step by step explanation.