If the solvent level in the developing jar is deeper than the origin (spotting line) of the TLC plate, the solvent will dissolve the compounds into the solvent reservoir instead of allowing them to move up the plate by capillary action. Thus, you will not see spots after the plate is developed.
What is Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)?
- TLC is a simple, quick, and inexpensive procedure that gives the chemist a quick answer as to how many components are in a mixture.
- TLC is also used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound.
- A TLC plate is a sheet of glass, metal, or plastic which is coated with a thin layer of a solid adsorbent (usually silica or alumina). A small amount of the mixture to be analysed is spotted near the bottom of this plate.
- The TLC plate is then placed in a shallow pool of a solvent in a developing chamber so that only the very bottom of the plate is in the liquid. This liquid, or the eluent, is the mobile phase, and it slowly rises up the TLC plate by capillary action.
- As the solvent moves past the spot that was applied, an equilibrium is established for each component of the mixture between the molecules of that component which are adsorbed on the solid and the molecules which are in solution.
- In principle, the components will differ in solubility and in the strength of their adsorption to the adsorbent and some components will be carried farther up the plate than others. When the solvent has reached the top of the plate, the plate is removed from the developing chamber, dried, and the separated components of the mixture are visualized. If the compounds are coloured, visualization is straightforward.
- Usually the compounds are not coloured, so a UV lamp is used to visualize the plates. The plate itself contains a fluorescent dye which glows everywhere except where an organic compound is on the plate.
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89.1% Au
The molar mass of Au2O3 is 2(196.97) + 3(16.00) = 441.94 g/mol
The mass percent of Au is therefore 2(196.97) / 441.94, which is 393.94/441.94 = 0.891 —> 89.1%
Important of Grignard Reagent :
Grignard reactions are main due to their capacity to form carbon-carbon bonds. Grignard reagents are powerful bases and will react with protic compounds which makes them exceptionally valuable implement for organic synthesis.
Grignard reagents react fastly with acidic hydrogen atoms in molecules such as alcohols and water. When a Grignard reagent reacts with water, a proton return back halogen, and the product is an alkane. The Grignard reagent therefore provides a trace for transforming a haloalkane to an alkane in two steps.
When reacted with water,
RMgX + H2O -------> R-H + MgOH X
R ---- Alkyl Group
X --- Halogen
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Answer:
V = 14.2 L
Explanation:
Given data:
Moles of CO₂ = 0.632 mol
Temperature = standard = 273 K
Pressure = standard = 1 atm
Volume of gas = ?
Solution;
Formula:
PV = nRT
R = general gas constant = 0.0821 atm.L/ mol.K
Now we will put the values in formula.
V = nRT/P
V = 0.632 mol ×0.0821 atm.L/ mol.K × 273 K / 1 atm
V = 14.2 L/ 1
V = 14.2 L
<u>Answer: </u>The molecular weight of the dibasic acid is 89.6 g/mol
<u>Explanation:</u>
Normality is defined as the amount of solute expressed in the number of gram equivalents present per liter of solution. The units of normality are eq/L. The formula used to calculate normality:
....(1)
We are given:
Normality of solution = 
Given mass of solute = 0.56 g
Volume of solution = 250 mL
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
Equivalent weight of an acid is calculated by using the equation:
.....(2)
Equivalent weight of acid = 44.8 g/eq
Basicity of an acid = 2 eq/mol
Putting values in equation 2, we get:
Hence, the molecular weight of the dibasic acid is 89.6 g/mol
