Answer: molarity of ammonium ions = 0.274mol/L
molarity of sulfate ions = 0.137mol/L
<em>Note: The complete question is given below</em>
A solution is prepared by dissolving 10.8 g ammonium sulfate in enough water to make 100.0 mL of stock solution. A 10.00-mL sample of this stock solution is added to 50.00 mL of water. Calculate the concentration of ammonium ions and sulfate ions in the final solution.
Explanation:
Molar concentration = no of moles/volume in liters
no of moles = mass/molar mass
mass of ammonium sulfate = 10.8g, molar mass of ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄ = (14+4)*2 + 32+ (16)*4 = 132g/mol
no of moles = 10.8g/132g/mol = 0.0820moles
<em>Molarity of stock solution = 0.0820mol/(100ml/1000ml* 1L) = 0.0820mol/0.1L Molarity of stock solution = 0.820mol/L</em>
Concentration of final solution is obtained from the dilution formula,
<em>C1V1 = C2V2</em>
C1 = 0.820M, V1 = 10mL, C2 = ?, V2 = 60mL
C2 = C1V1/V2
C2 = 0.820*10/60 = 0.137mol/L
molar concentration of ions = molarity of solution * no of ions
molarity of ammonium ions = 0.137mol/L * 2 = 0.274mol/L
molarity of sulfate ions = 0.137 mol/L * 1 = 0.137mol/L
Answer:
Mg₁₂ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
Explanation:
Abbreviated and unabbreviated electronic configuration:
The abbreviated electronic configuration uses the noble gas configuration i.e complete electronic shells. For example, the atomic number of neon is ten and magnesium is twelve. The abbreviated electronic configuration of magnesium is written by using the neon abbreviation in following way:
The electronic configuration of neon is given below:
Ne₁₀ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
The abbreviated electronic configuration of magnesium:
Mg₁₂ = [Ne] 3s²
While the unabbreviated electronic configuration is written without using noble gas electronic configuration.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of magnesium:
Mg₁₂ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
When it comes to ecosystems, a mountain, a river, and a cloud have more in common than you might think. Abiotic factors have specific and important roles in nature because they help shape and define ecosystems.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
An ecosystem is defined as any community of living and non-living things that work together. Ecosystems do not have clear boundaries, and it may be difficult to see where one ecosystem ends and another begins. In order to understand what makes each ecosystem unique, we need to look at the biotic and abiotic factors within them. Biotic factors are all of the living organisms within an ecosystem. These may be plants, animals, fungi, and any other living things. Abiotic factors are all of the non-living things in an ecosystem.
Both biotic and abiotic factors are related to each other in an ecosystem, and if one factor is changed or removed, it can affect the entire ecosystem. Abiotic factors are especially important because they directly affect how organisms survive.
Examples of Abiotic Factors
Abiotic factors come in all types and can vary among different ecosystems. For example, abiotic factors found in aquatic systems may be things like water depth, pH, sunlight, turbidity (amount of water cloudiness), salinity (salt concentration), available nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, etc.), and dissolved oxygen (amount of oxygen dissolved in the water). Abiotic variables found in terrestrial ecosystems can include things like rain, wind, temperature, altitude, soil, pollution, nutrients, pH, types of soil, and sunlight.
The boundaries of an individual abiotic factor can be just as unclear as the boundaries of an ecosystem. Climate is an abiotic factor - think about how many individual abiotic factors make up something as large as a climate. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and forest fires, are also abiotic factors. These types of abiotic factors certainly have drastic effects on the ecosystems they encounter.
A special type of abiotic factor is called a limiting factor. Limiting factors keep populations within an ecosystem at a certain level. They may also limit the types of organisms that inhabit that ecosystem. Food, shelter, water, and sunlight are just a few examples of limiting abiotic factors that limit the size of populations. In a desert environment, these resources are even scarcer, and only organisms that can tolerate such tough conditions survive there. In this way, the limiting factors are also limiting which organisms inhabit this ecosystem.
