Answer: the theory that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles (atoms). According to the modern version, the atoms of each element are effectively identical, but differ from those of other elements, and unite to form compounds in fixed proportions.
The two ladybugs have same rotational (angular) speed
Explanation:
The rotational (angular) speed of an object in circular motion is defined as:
where
is the angular displacement
t is the time interval considered
Here we have two ladybugs, which are located at two different distances from the axis. In particular, ladybug 1 is halfway between ladybug 2 and the axis of rotation. However, since they rotate together with the disk, and the disk is a rigid body, every point of the disk cover the same angle in the same time 
: this means that every point along the disk has the same angular speed, and therefore the two ladybugs also have the same angular speed.
On the other hand, the linear speed of the two ladybugs is different, because it follows the equation:
where r is the distance from the axis: and since the two ladybugs are located at different 
, they have different linear speed.
Learn more about circular motion:
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Mass extinction occur from natural disasters, such as a n asteroid hitting earth or a volcano errupting and spread ash everywhere.
It makes sense to measure geologic time between mass extinctions because after each mass extinction, there is almost no life left and the few left have to repopulate, which may lead way to new mutations and new varieties of plants and animals.
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Law of universal gravitation:
F = GMm/r²
F = gravitational force, G = gravitational constant, M & m = masses of the objects, r = distance between the objects
F is proportional to both M and m:
F ∝ M, F ∝ m
F is proportional to the inverse square of r:
F ∝ 1/r²
Calculate the scaling factor of F due to the change in M:
k₁ = 2M/M = 2
Calculate the scaling factor of F due to the change in m:
k₂ = 2m/m = 2
Calculate the scaling factor of F due to the change in r:
k₃ = 1/(4r/r)² = 1/16
Multiply the original force F by the scaling factors to obtain the new force:
Fk₁k₂k₃
= F(2)(2)(1/16)
= F/4
When you hold the ball, you have potential energy, when you drop the ball, you have kinetic.
