The material that the snails are moving on affects their speed. On a smooth material, (petri dish) the snails moved the fastest. On a rough material (sandpaper) the snails moved the slowest. On dirt, a compromise between smooth and rough, the snails moved at a medium pace. The material and possibly friction affect this.
a) many people think that no energy or matter exists outside the universe.
An isolated system is defined as a system that does not interact with its surroundings. This is the reason that its total energy and mass remains constant. Moreover, t<span>otal</span><span> momentum in a system is conserved for collisions occurring in </span><span>isolated systems.</span>
A proton has a positive charge, an electron has a negative charge. Usually, the amount of electrons and protons is the same, but when an electron is lost usually because of radiation or a chemical reaction the resulting amount of electrons/ protons results in a different charge for the atom in general.
When there are more electrons the result it a negative ion, and when there are more protons it is a positive ion.
So, to answer your question: if an electron is lost from a neutral atom and there are more protons than electrons you get a positive charge. Have a good day!
As the Force of friction is equal to

µ

by using the Law of Action Reaction; as the force normal is the conterforce of gravity

µ


µ

Therefore, by looking at the equation we can infer that
The force of friction is directly proportional to the mass, gravitational constant, and the co-efficent of friction
Because the gravitational constant is dependant on gravitation, a planet's mass and radius also affect the force of friction
But DO NOTE:
That the co-effecient of friction is only applicable between two rubbing surfaces and unaffected by gravitational constants.
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Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
width = 100 m, speed = 3 m/s
So, minimum time required to cross the stream is calculated as follows.
t =
Also, in the same time the man has moved downstream by 50 meter.
Hence, distance traveled downstream is as follows.
d = velocity of river × t

= 
= 
= 1.5 m/s
Thus, we can conclude that the river is flowing by 1.5 m/s.