Answer:
(a) Covalent bond. NF₃ (nitrogen trifluoride)
(b) Ionic bond. LiCl (lithium chloride)
Explanation:
<em>(a) N and F</em>
Nitrogen and fluorine are nonmetals, with high and similar electronegativities, so they form covalent bonds, in which they share pairs of electrons to complete the octet in their valence shell. N has 5 valence electrons so it will form 3 covalent bonds while each Cl has 7 valence electrons so it will form 1 covalent bond. As a result, the empirical formula is NF₃ (nitrogen trifluoride).
<em>(b) Li and Cl</em>
Lithium is a metal and Chlorine is a nonmetal. They have different electronegativities so they form an ionic bond, in which Cl gains 1 electron (7 valence e⁻) and Li loses 1 electron (1 valence e⁻). The empirical formula is LiCl (lithium chloride).
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A 20 L sample of the gas contains 8.3 mol N₂.
According to <em>Avogadro’s Law,</em> if <em>p</em> and <em>T</em> are constant
<em>V</em>₂/<em>V</em>₁ = <em>n</em>₂/<em>n</em>₁
<em>n</em>₂ = <em>n</em>₁ × <em>V</em>₂/<em>V</em>₁
___________
<em>n</em>₁ = 0.5 mol; <em>V</em>₁ = 1.2 L
<em>n</em>₂ = ?; <em>V</em>₂ = 20 L
∴<em>n</em>₂ = 0.5 mol × (20 L/1.2 L) = 8.3 mol
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Explanation:
