Answer:
pH of HNO₃ having an hydrogen ion concentration of 0.71M is 0.149
Explanation:
HNO₃ (aqueous) ⇄ H⁺ + NO3⁻
The pH is defined as the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration
pH = - log [H⁺]
From the question, the hydrogen ion concentration is given as 0.71M, therefore
pH = -log [0.71]
= 0.149
Answer:
The fundamental principle involves the formation of equilibrium and separation into distillate and bottoms governed by the equilibrium composition curve , number of stages and the purity with which the distillate is required.
Explanation:
Distillation is a type of the separation process by physical means of a mixture on basis of its difference in boiling point or vapor pressure .
Where we can just heat the mixture and separate out the components i.e the component with lower boiling point will form vapor easily and can be later condensed whereas the component with higher boiling point will remain as residue.
In case of a distillation column the same principle is applied at different stages to separate multiple components .The stages are known as trays or plates . In general , there is a certain liquid on each of the plate, and the arrangements are made for the ascending vapors to pass through the liquid and make contact with it . The fundamental principle involves the formation of equilibrium and separation into distillate and bottoms governed by the equilibrium composition curve , number of stages and the purity with which the distillate is required.
Metallic bonding
The particles in a metal are held together by metallic bonds.
High melting and boiling points
Metallic bonds are strong and a lot of energy is needed to break them. This is why metals have high melting points and boiling points.
Conducting electricity
Metals contain electrons that are free to move in the metal structure, carrying charge from place to place and allowing metals to conduct electricity well.
Metallic bonding - Higher tier
Metallic bonding is the strong attraction between closely packed positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalised electrons.
Magnesium. You can count the electrons in each level and because the number of electrons is the same with protons you have the atomic number based of which you can get the element in the periodic table
