Answer:

Explanation:
Given:
- mass of skier,

- initial velocity of skier,

- height of the hill,

- spring constant,

<u>final velocity of skier before coming in contact of spring:</u>
Using eq. of motion:



<u>Now the time taken by the skier to reach down:</u>



<u>Now we calculate force using Newton's second law:</u>




<u>∴Compression in spring before the skier momentarily comes to rest:</u>




Answer:
The answer is (d) is totally reflected
Explanation:
Using the total internal reflection concept.
This concept state that:
"If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle then the light will not refract but it will reflect back totally"
Using the above statement, as incident angle is 42 degree and critical angle is 41 degree it means incident angle is greater than the critical angle. Therefore, light will not refract but it will totally reflected.
How dense the medium is in the compression part of the wave and how rare the medium is in the rarefaction part of the wave is a measure of the longitudinal wave's amplitude.
I halved the speed of light in vacuum to get the speed of light in the material, since the speed of light in vacuum is twice the speed of light in material.
The index of refraction is essentially the speed of light through a vacuum divided by the speed of light through given medium.
I attached some notes on refraction too, hopefully this helps :D
D. both b. and c. Obviously adding more gas but reducing the volume because of the limited space in the container.