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2 years ago

An acetylene tank has a volume of 390.0 L. It is stored at a temperature of 23.5 °C and has a

Chemistry

1 answer:

xeze [42]2 years ago

4 0

Considering the ideal gas law, there are 279.42 moles of acetylene in the tank.

<h3>Definition of ideal gas</h3>

Ideal gases are a simplification of real gases that is done to study them more easily. It is considered to be formed by point particles, do not interact with each other and move randomly. It is also considered that the molecules of an ideal gas, in themselves, do not occupy any volume.

<h3>Ideal gas law</h3>

An ideal gas is characterized by three state variables: absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature (T). The relationship between them constitutes the ideal gas law, an equation that relates the three variables if the amount of substance, number of moles n, remains constant and where R is the molar constant of gases:

P×V = n×R×T

<h3>Moles of acetylene</h3>

In this case, you know:

P= 1765 kPa= 17.4192 atm (being 101.325 kPa= 1 atm)
V= 390 L
n= ?
R= 0.082 $\frac{atmL}{molK}$
T= 23.5 °C= 296.5 K (being 0 °C= 273 K)

Replacing in the ideal gas law:

17.4192 atm× 390 L = n×0.082 $\frac{atmL}{molK}$ × 296.5 K

Solving:

$n=\frac{17.4192 atmx 390 L}{0.082 \frac{atmL}{molK}x296.5 L}$

<u><em>n= 279.42 moles</em></u>

Finally, there are 279.42 moles of acetylene in the tank.

Learn more about ideal gas law:

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The law of conservation has been stated that the mass and energy has neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

The law of conservation has been evident when there has been an equal number of atoms of each element in the chemical reaction.

<h3>Conservation law</h3><h3 />

The given equation has been assessed as follows:

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The number of atoms of each reactant has been different on the product and the reactant side. Thus, the reaction will not follow the law of conservation.

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Periodic trends are specific patterns that are present in the periodic table that illustrate different aspects of a certain element, including its size and its electronic properties. Major periodic trends include: electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, melting point, and metallic character. Periodic trends, arising from the arrangement of the periodic table, provide chemists with an invaluable tool to quickly predict an element's properties. These trends exist because of the similar atomic structure of the elements within their respective group families or periods, and because of the periodic nature of the elements.

Electronegativity Trends

Electronegativity can be understood as a chemical property describing an atom's ability to attract and bind with electrons. Because electronegativity is a qualitative property, there is no standardized method for calculating electronegativity. However, the most common scale for quantifying electronegativity is the Pauling scale (Table A2), named after the chemist Linus Pauling. The numbers assigned by the Pauling scale are dimensionless due to the qualitative nature of electronegativity. Electronegativity values for each element can be found on certain periodic tables. An example is provided below.

From left to right across a period of elements, electronegativity increases. If the valence shell of an atom is less than half full, it requires less energy to lose an electron than to gain one. Conversely, if the valence shell is more than half full, it is easier to pull an electron into the valence shell than to donate one.

From top to bottom down a group, electronegativity decreases. This is because atomic number increases down a group, and thus there is an increased distance between the valence electrons and nucleus, or a greater atomic radius.

Important exceptions of the above rules include the noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides. The noble gases possess a complete valence shell and do not usually attract electrons. The lanthanides and actinides possess more complicated chemistry that does not generally follow any trends. Therefore, noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides do not have electronegativity values.

As for the transition metals, although they have electronegativity values, there is little variance among them across the period and up and down a group. This is because their metallic properties affect their ability to attract electrons as easily as the other elements.

According to these two general trends, the most electronegative element is fluorine, with 3.98 Pauling units.

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