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2 years ago

Define acid and base according to lewis theory, arrhenius theory and lawn theory

Chemistry

2 answers:

WITCHER [35]2 years ago

8 0

Answer:

Three principal theories about acid-base are,

1. Arrhenius theory

2. Bronsted-Lowry theory

3. Lux-Flood definition

4. Lewis theory

5. Usanovich definition

1. According to the Arrhenius, acids give up hydrogen ion in aqueous medium and a base give up hydroxyl ion in its aqueous medium. Examples are aqueous solution of HCl, CH3COOH, PhCOOH, and H2SO4. These give up H+ in an aqueous medium. Aqueous solutions of NaOH, Ca (OH)2 are Arrhenius bases.

Arrhenius theory has some limitations. This theory cannot explain the acidic nature of BF3 or basic behavior of NH3. This theory fails to give any explanation about acidity and basicity which does not produce H+ and OH- in their aqueous solutions.

2. According to the Bronsted-Lowry, an acid releases proton and a base accepts proton. NH3 accepts proton and forms ammonium ion, so ammonia acts as a base.

But this theory also has limitations. According to this theory acidic behavior of BF3 still cannot be explained.

3. Lux-Flood describes the acid-base theories based on oxide ion transformation. It gives clear explanation for acid-bases theories of non-protonic system. According to them, a base will donate the oxygen atom and an acid will accept oxygen atom.

4. According to the Lewis theory, acids are those substances which accept electron pair and base are those substances which donates electron pairs. Lewis theory can explain the acidic nature of BF3. In BF3, B is two electrons short to fulfil its octet. So it can accept a pair of electrons from an electron donating substituent. So it is an electron pair acceptor compound and acts as an acid.

Substances which have π electrons can donate electron pair to an electron deficient substance and acts as a base. Ethylene and acetylene is Lewis bases. AlCl3, PCl3 are Lewis acids.

5. According Usanovich, an acid is some chemical species which would react with bases and yields cations or accepts anions or electrons. A base is some chemical species which would react with acids, yield anions or electrons or combine with cations.

Explanation:

labwork [276]2 years ago

4 0

The answer is yes because yes is always right never wrong

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if the spin of one electron in an orbital is clockwise , what is the spin of the other electron in that orbital

nata0808 [166]

Here we have to get the spin of the other electron present in a orbital which already have an electron which has clockwise spin.

The electron will have anti-clockwise notation.

We know from the Pauli exclusion principle, no two electrons in an atom can have all the four quantum numbers i.e. principal quantum number (n), azimuthal quantum number (l), magnetic quantum number (m) and spin quantum number (s) same. The importance of the principle also restrict the possible number of electrons may be present in a particular orbital.

Let assume for an 1s orbital the possible values of four quantum numbers are n = 1, l = 0, m = 0 and s = $\frac{+}{-}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ .

The exclusion principle at once tells us that there may be only two unique sets of these quantum numbers:

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3 years ago

The periodic table

astra-53 [7]

it's Lithium or Li

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3 years ago

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2Li + H2SO4=Li2SO4 + H2 How many liters of hydrogen gas, H2 at STP can be produced from 3.0 moles of Li? The molar volume of a g

Gemiola [76]

Answer:

volume of $H_2=33.6 litre$

Explanation:

Firstly balance the given chemical equation,

$2Li + H_2SO_4=Li_2SO_4 + H_2$

From the given balance equation it is clearly that,

2 mole of Li gives 1 mole of H2 gas

$2 mole Li$ ⇔ $1 mole H_2$

$1 mole Li$ ⇔ $0.5 mole H_2$

$3 mole Li$ ⇔ $1.5 mole H_2$

hence

3 mole of Li will give 1.5 mole H2 gas

therefore volume of gas produced from 3 mole Li at $STP = 1.5\times22.4 \frac{L}{mol}$

volume of H2=33.6 litre

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3 years ago

H2SO4(aq)+LiOH(aq)→ Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. Enter noreaction if t

kifflom [539]

Answer:

H₂SO₄ (aq) + 2LiOH (aq) ⇒ Li₂SO₄ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)

Explanation:

This is an acid-base reaction, so we know the products are going to a salt/ionic compound and water.

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3 years ago

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The reaction takes place in water. What happens to the equilibrium when the pressure is increased? a)It favors formation of prod

OLga [1]

Answer:

I don't really get the options but it favoures the reactant side.

Explanation:

Increasing pressure favours the side with fewer moles of gas while decreasing pressure favours the side with the more moles of gas. E.g

If there is 0 moles of gas particles in the reactant side and 1 mole of gas particle in the product side, increasing pressure favours the reactants while decreasing pressure favours the product side.

With the explanations I have made, I hope the question is now clear to you.

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4 years ago