The most abundant of all of the isotopes of an element will be the one who's mass the mass of element is closest to. In this case, the mass of atomic carbon is closest to the mass of carbon-12.
Thus, Carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope.
It shows that the population is moving towards a more organic and natural way of growing crops. Rather than using fertilizer and putting toxins on the plants that we eat from, we are getting smarter and growing food naturally. Thus not killing ourselves in the process.
Answer:
Atoms
Explanation:
According to the law of conservation of matter, matter is neither created nor destroyed, so we must have the same number and kind of atoms after the chemical change as were present before the chemical change.
Answer:
The correct option is;
4 percent ionic, 96 percent covalent, 222 pm
Explanation:
The parameters given are;
Phosphorus:
Atomic radius = 109 pm
Covalent radius = 106 pm
Ionic radius = 212 pm
Electronegativity of phosphorus = 2.19
Selenium:
Atomic radius = 122 pm
Covalent radius = 116 pm
Ionic radius = 198 pm
Electronegativity of selenium= 2.55
The percentage ionic character of the chemical bond between phosphorus and selenium is given by the relation;
Using Pauling's alternative electronegativity difference method, we have;
![\% \, Ionic \ Character = \left [18\times (\bigtriangleup E.N.)^{1.4} \right ] \%](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5C%25%20%5C%2C%20Ionic%20%5C%20Character%20%3D%20%5Cleft%20%5B18%5Ctimes%20%28%5Cbigtriangleup%20E.N.%29%5E%7B1.4%7D%20%20%5Cright%20%5D%20%5C%25)
Where:
Δ E.N. = Change in electronegativity = 2.55 - 2.19 = 0.36
Therefore;
![\% \, Ionic \ Character = \left [18\times (0.36)^{1.4} \right ] \% = 4.3 \%](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5C%25%20%5C%2C%20Ionic%20%5C%20Character%20%3D%20%5Cleft%20%5B18%5Ctimes%20%280.36%29%5E%7B1.4%7D%20%20%5Cright%20%5D%20%5C%25%20%3D%204.3%20%5C%25)
Hence the percentage ionic character = 4.3% ≈ 4%
the percentage covalent character = (100 - 4.3)% = 95.7% ≈ 96%
The bond length for the covalent bond is found adding the covalent radii of both atoms as follows;
The bond length for the covalent bond = 106 pm + 116 pm = 222 pm.
The correct option is therefore, 4 percent ionic, 96 percent covalent, 222 pm.
Answer:
option B
cementation and compaction