Answer:
Radiation effects on electrical equipment depend on the equipment and on the type of ionizing radiation to which it is exposed.
First, beta radiation has little, if any, effect on electrical equipment because this type of ionizing radiation is easily shielded. The equipment housing and the construction of the parts within the housing will protect the equipment from beta-radiation (high-energy electrons) exposure.
Gamma radiation is penetrating and can affect most electrical equipment. Simple equipment (like motors, switches, incandescent lights, wiring, and solenoids) is very radiation resistant and may never show any radiation effects, even after a very large radiation exposure. Diodes and computer chips (electronics) are much more sensitive to gamma radiation. To give you a comparison of effects, it takes a radiation dose of about 5 Sv to cause death to most people. Diodes and computer chips will show very little functional detriment up to about 50 to 100 Sv. Also, some electronics can be "hardened" (made to be not affected as much by larger gamma radiation doses) by providing shielding or by selecting radiation-resistant materials.
Some electronics do exhibit a recovery after being exposed to gamma radiation, after the radiation is stopped. But the recovery is hardly ever back to 100% functionality. Also, if the electronics are exposed to gamma radiation while unpowered, the gamma radiation effects are less.
Ionizing radiation breaks down the materials within the electrical equipment. For example, when wiring is exposed to gamma rays, no change is noticed until the wiring is flexed or bent. The wire's insulation becomes brittle and will break and may cause shorts in the equipment. The effect on diodes and computer chips is a bit more complex. The gamma rays disrupt the crystalline nature of the inside of the electronic component. Its function is degraded and then fails as more gamma radiation exposure is received by the electronic component.
Gamma rays do not affect the signals within the device or the signals received by the device. Nonionizing radiation (like radio signals, microwaves, and electromagnetic pulses) DO mess with the signals within and received by the device. I put a cheap electronic game in my microwave oven at home. It arced and sparked and was totally ruined. I didn’t waste any more of my time playing that game.
Hope this helps.
Explanation:
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Answer: option D) energy was absorbed and entropy increased.
Explanation:
1) Given balanced equation:
2H₂O (l) + 571.6 kJ → 2 H₂ (g) + O₂(g).
2) Being the energy placed on the side of the reactants means that the energy is used (consumed or absorbed). This is an endothermic reaction.
So, the first part is that energy was absorbed.
3) As for the entropy, it is a measure of the disorder or radomness of the system.
Since, two molecules of liquid water were transformed into three molecules of gas, i.e. more molecules and more kinetic energy, therefore the new state has a greater degree of radomness, is more disordered, and you conclude that the entropy increased.
With that, you have shown that the right option is D) energy was absorbed and increased.
Answer: energy needed to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gas phase. Explanation: That is the very definition of ionization energy: ionization energy is the energy needed to remove (get appart) an electron from a neutral atom or ion in gas phase.Jun 19, 2016
The two compounds shown indeed have tha same molecular formula, C5 H11 NO2. One of the molecules has a group NH2 and a group COOH, the other molecule has a NOO group, that makes that the two isomers have a completely different structure, with the atoms arranged in a completely different order. <span>This kind of isomers fits in the definition of structural isomers, so the answer is structural isomers.</span>
Answer: The correct answer is A. Hydrogen and chlorine need to be balanced. There's an equal amount of magnesium on each side.
