Let's say the pendulum starts swinging from its max height from the left. It then will go down and reach the equilibrium position, this will make it lose GPE while gaining KE (the loss in GPE = gain in KE). At the equilibrium position it has the max KE (max velocity) and minimum GPE. After passing the equilibrium it then starts to head up to the max height on the right, the pendulum gains GPE while losing KE and at the top will have minimum KE while having max GPE. Meaning throughout its joruney the total energy remains constant as Total energy = KE + GPE
I have attached a simple diagram below, the y axis is the energy and x axis being the time (where t = 0 is the pendulum starting from max height left of the equilibrium). The green curve the the GPE and blue curve is KE. Red line shows that at all times the energy is constant.
Answer: A crest is the highest point the medium rises to and a trough is the lowest point the medium sinks to. It is also a point on the wave where the displacement of the medium is at a maximum.
Why are high tides found simultaneously on opposite sides of Earth? The tidal bulges occur on both sides of Earth that are aligned with the tide-generating body. The ocean water experiencing high tide rotates around Earth on a 12-hour cycle.