In order to calculate the new freezing point, we must first find the depression. This is given by:
ΔT = Kf * b * i
where Kf is the cryscopic constant for the solvent, b is the molarity of the solution in moles per kilogram and i is the van't Hoff factor, which tells us how many ions will be released when a substance is dissolved.
Kf = 1.853, b = 1.5, i = 2 (Na⁺ and Cl⁻)
ΔT = 5.5 °C
The new freezing point will be 0 + 5.5
5.5 °C
C) Occurs when chemical reactions dissolve or change the minerals in rocks...... Hope it helps, have a nice day :)
Increasing the pressure of the gas increases the intermolecuar forces of attraction between the molecules because the distance between the molecules are being reduced by the action of the piston.
I'll go through them one by one
1) H-S
The electronegativity of Hydrgoen is 2.2, and sulphur is 2.58,
therefore the difference is 0.38 (2.58-2.2=0.38)
2) H-Cl
Hydrogen: 2.2, Chlorine: 3.16
therefore difference is 0.96
3) N-H
Nitrogen: 3.04, Hydrogen: 2.2
therefore difference is 0.84
4) C-H
Carbon: 2.55, hydrogen: 2.2
therefore difference is 0.35
so, the most apparent electronegativity is chlorine, but this could have been done without actually doing the maths. The trend of electronegativty increases across a period and increases up a period due to the strong affinity of the nucleus with bonding electrons. This does not include noble gases though, as they have no charge due to having complete valance shells. T<span>he most electronegative element is Fluorine (9), and the least electronegative element (besides noble gases) is Francium (87)</span>
