Hey there!
The answer is D, Salinity.
Salinity is the concentration of salt in water. Ocean water often has high salinity and this can contribute to things like upwelling and water density- but these all start from salinity.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
A) 1059 J/mol
B) 17,920 J/mol
Explanation:
Given that:
Cp = 29.42 - (2.170*10^-3 ) T + (0.0582*10^-5 ) T2 + (1.305*10^-8 ) T3 – (0.823*10^-11) T4
R (constant) = 8.314
We know that:

We can determine
from above if we make
the subject of the formula as:




A).
The formula for calculating change in internal energy is given as:

If we integrate above data into the equation; it implies that:



Hence, the internal energy that must be added to nitrogen in order to increase its temperature from 450 to 500 K = 1059 J/mol.
B).
If we repeat part A for an initial temperature of 273 K and final temperature of 1073 K.
then T = 273 K & T2 = 1073 K
∴



Water molecules are constantly moving in Ice they move slower and are more tightly packed together and move at a slower pace to lower the freezing point you would have to find a solute that makes it harder for water to form crystals
90% of energy is lost. only 10% is left.
therefore the answer is B. 90%