Question

Define an Arrhenius base and describe properties of bases. Use an example to explain how an Arrhenius base will behave in water.

Answer 1

An Arrhenius base is a molecule that when dissolved in water will break down to yield an $OH^-$or hydroxide ion in solution.

What is Arrhenius base?

An Arrhenius base is a compound that increases the $OH^-$ ion concentration in aqueous solution.

An Arrhenius base is a substance that, when dissolved in an aqueous solution, increases the concentration of hydroxide, or , $OH^-$ ions in the solution.

Bases Properties

Arrhenius bases that are soluble in water can conduct electricity.

Bases often have a bitter taste and are found in foods less frequently than acids. Many bases, like soaps, are slippery to the touch.

Bases also change the colour of indicators. Red litmus turns blue in the presence of a base (see figure below), while phenolphthalein turns pink.

Some bases react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.

Acids (pH < 7.0) react with bases (pH > 7.0) to produce a salt and water. When equal moles of an acid and a base are combined, the acid is neutralized by the base. The resulting mixture will have a more neutral pH.

An Arrhenius acid is a substance that dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions or protons. In other words, it increases the number of $H^+$ ions in the water. In contrast, an Arrhenius base dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions $OH^-$.

Example, sodium hydroxide, is added to an aqueous solution. NaOH dissociates into sodium, $Na^+$, and hydroxide, $OH^-$ ions.

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