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Answer:
, downward
Explanation:
There is only one force acting on the ball during its motion: the force of gravity, which is given by

where
m is the mass of the ball
is the acceleration of gravity (downward)
According to Newton's second law,

where F is the net force on the object and a is its acceleration. Rearranging for a,

As we said, the only force acting on the ball is gravity, so F = mg and the acceleration of the ball is:

Therefore, the ball has a constant acceleration of
downward for the entire motion.
(a) Determine the circumference of the Earth through the equation,
C = 2πr
Substituting the known values,
C = 2π(1.50 x 10¹¹ m)
C = 9.424 x 10¹¹ m
Then, divide the answer by time which is given to a year which is equal to 31536000 s.
orbital speed = (9.424 x 10¹¹ m)/31536000 s
orbital speed = 29883.307 m/s
Hence, the orbital speed of the Earth is ~29883.307 m/s.
(b) The mass of the sun is ~1.9891 x 10³⁰ kg.
It is wasted, most likely as light, in this case, or it is lost during the transport of electricity.