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valentinak56 [21]
1 year ago
14

Derive the expression ε=ln(1+e), where ε is the true strain and e is the engineering strain. Note that this expression is not va

lid after the onset of necking
Engineering
1 answer:
Rudiy271 year ago
6 0

The formula for true strain after derivation from basic terms is; ε_t = In(1 + ε_e)

<h3>How to derive the expression for True Strain?</h3>

Formula for Engineering Stress is;

σ_e = Load/Area

Formula for true stress is;

σ_t = Force/Instantaneous Area

Formula for Engineering Strain is;

ε_e = ΔL/L₀

Formula for true strain is;

dε_t = dL/L

Total true strain is gotten from;

ε_t = ∫(dL/L) between boundaries of L_f and L_o

When we integrate between those boundaries, we have;

ε_t = In[(L₀ + ΔL)/L₀

⇒ ε_t = In[(1+ ΔL/L₀)

⇒ ε_t = In(1 + ε_e)

Read more about True Strain at; brainly.com/question/20717759

#SPJ1

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An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle that uses refrigerant-134a as its working fluid maintains a condenser at 800 kPa
mote1985 [20]

Answer:

COP = 3.828

W' = 39.18 Kw

Explanation:

From the table A-11 i attached, we can find the entropy for the state 1 at -20°C.

h1 = 238.43 KJ/Kg

s1 = 0.94575 KJ/Kg.K

From table A-12 attached we can do the same for states 3 and 4 but just enthalpy at 800 KPa.

h3 = h4 = hf = 95.47 KJ/Kg

For state 2, we can calculate the enthalpy from table A-13 attached using interpolation at 800 KPa and the condition s2 = s1. We have;

h2 = 275.75 KJ/Kg

The power would be determined from the energy balance in state 1-2 where the mass flow rate will be expressed through the energy balance in state 4-1.

W' = m'(h2 - h1)

W' = Q'_L((h2 - h1)/(h1 - h4))

Where Q'_L = 150 kW

Plugging in the relevant values, we have;

W' = 150((275.75 - 238.43)/(238.43 - 95.47))

W' = 39.18 Kw

Formula foe COP is;

COP = Q'_L/W'

COP = 150/39.18

COP = 3.828

4 0
3 years ago
1. An arrow signal with a left-pointing arrow_
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Answer:b

Explanation:It’s only applies to the left-turning traffic

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The ____ neurons allow the body to move and are greatly influenced by electri
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The Neurons allow the body to move
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Solid rockets can experience significant 2 phase flow. a) True b) False
dezoksy [38]

Answer:

the answer is false solid rockets can experience significant 2 phase flow

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3 years ago
The phasor technique makes it pretty easy to combine several sinusoidal functions into a single sinusoidal expression without us
devlian [24]

Answer:

The phasor technique can't be applied directly in the following cases:

a) 45 sin(2500t – 50°) + 20 cos(1500t +20°)

b) 100 cos(500t +40°) + 50 sin(500t – 120°) – 120 cos(500t + 60°)

c)  -100 sin(10,000t +90°) + 40 sin(10, 100t – 80°) + 80 cos(10,000t)

d)  75 cos(8t+40°) + 75 sin(8t+10°) – 75 cos(8t + 160°)

Explanation:

For a) and c), it is not possible to use the phasor technique, due this technique is only possible when the sinusoidal signals to be combined are all of the same frequency.

This is due to the vector representing a signal is showed as a fixed vector in the graph( which magnitude is equal to the amplitude of the sinusoid and his angle is the phase angle with respect to cos (ωt)), which is rotating at an angular speed equal to the angular frequency of the sinusoidal signal that represents, like a radius that shows a point rotating in a circular uniform movement.

This rotating vector represents a sinusoidal signal, in the form of a cosine (as the real part of the complex function e^{j(wt+\alpha)}), so it is not possible to combine with functions expressed as a sine, even though both  have  the same frequency.

If we look at the graphs of cos (ωt) and sin (ωt) we can say that the sin lags the cos in 90º, so we can say the following:

sin (ωt) = cos (ωt-90º)

This means that in order to be able to represent a sine function  as a cosine, we need to rotate it 90º in the plane clockwise.

This is the reason why before doing this transformation, it is not possible to use the phasor technique for b) and d).

8 0
3 years ago
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