I have never heard anyone ever say anything about aliens only living by using the same metabolistic processes as humans... But.. there may likely be another planet out there that does use oxygen, although at a different percentage from Earths. Anyways, even if we do find "other" life forms, who's to say that they're on the same level as us? Have you ever considered the fact that ants to us are like we are to other life forms out there and maybe they don't want or can't communicate with us because they see themselves as superior?
Hope that helps!
This question is asking for a method for the determination of the freezing point in a solution that does not have a noticeable transition in the cooling curve, which is basically based on a linear fit method.
The first step, would be to understand that when the transition is well-defined as the one on the attached file, we can just identify the temperature by just reading the value on the graph, at the time the slope has a pronounced change. For instance, on the attached, the transition occurs after about 43 seconds and the freezing point will be about 4 °C.
However, when we cannot identify a pronounced change in the slope, it will be necessary to use a linear fit method (such as minimum squares) to figure out the equation for each segmented line having a significantly different slope and then equal them so that we can numerically solve for the intercept.
As an example, imagine two of the segmented lines have the following equations after applying the linear fit method:

First of all, we equal them to find the x-value, in this case the time at which the freezing point takes place:

Next, we plug it in in any of the trendlines to obtain the freezing point as the y-value:

This means the freezing point takes place after 7.72 second of cooling and is about 1.84 °C. Now you can replicate it for any not well-defined cooling curve.
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The 2nd one is the right answer
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Answer:
Option A (0.043 g) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Given:
= 43 mg
As we know,

then,
⇒ 
Thus, the above is the correct alternative.