Answer:
It means the chemical entity is a radical
Explanation:
When we talk of unsaturation, we are referring to the number of pi-bonds in a chemical entity. The alkane, alkene and alkyne organic family are used to as common examples to explain the term unsaturation.
While alkynes have 3 bonds, it must be understood that they have 2 pi bonds only and as such their degree of saturation is two.
In the case of an alkene, there is only one single pi bond and as such the degree of unsaturation is 1.
Now in this case, we have a fractional 0.5 degree of unsaturation alongside the 3 to make a total of 3.5. So what’s the issue here?
The fractional part shows that the chemical entity we are dealing with here is a radical. While the integer 3 shows that there are 3 pi-bonds, the half pi bond remaining tells us that there is a missing electron on one of the atoms involved in the chemical bonding and as such, the 1/2 extra degree of unsaturation tends to tell us this.
Kindly recall that a radical is a chemical entity within which we have at the least an unpaired electron.
Any compound with multiple covalent bonds
H is the answer :)
Hope that helps
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is also known as lye which is a base (very high ph; Alkaline)
Now, in chemistry, equilibrium is what affects the reaction rate of a reaction. If they are in equilibrium, the concentrations of them will not change (both reactants and products).
Now, lets say that to synthesize a certain chemical, we need it to be in an acidic environment with HCL or some other acid as the catalyst for the reaction.
Well, if we were to add Sodium Hydroxide to this which is very alkaline, the ph would change greatly which affects the reaction rate. If we do not have enough energy to overcome the activation barrier, the reaction will not occur (atleast for a very long time).
However, a common mistake is thinking that a catalyst will affect the equilibrium. This is not true. The reaction will still take place but it will have a very slow reaction rate.
TLDR; Adding a catalyst (like NaOH or Sodium Hydroxide) will not change the equilibrium but instead change the reaction rate. The reaction can still occur, although it can take a very, very long time (like diamonds turning into graphite)
