Answer:

Explanation:
Total internal reflection can happen when light goes from a medium with higher refractive index (in this case, glass) to a medium with lower refractive index (in this case, water).
Snell's Law tells us that
, where the <em>i</em> stands for incident (in this case, glass) and the <em>r</em> for refracted (in this case, water). We want to know when
, that is, when
, and this happens when the incident angle is:

Which for our values means:

Answer:
increasing the separation between the plates
Explanation:
The increase in the vacuum/separation between the plates in a parallel plate capacitor connected to a constant potential difference decreases the energy stored in the capacitor. the increase in the separation of the plates of a parallel plate capacitor reduces the capacitance of the capacitor because
Q(charge) = CV V = VOLTAGE , c = capacitance
E = 1/2 eAV^2/ D ( ENERGY STORED )
where D = distance between plates, e = dielectric, A = area of capacitor , V = potential difference
The Winter...? I think...? Ya, it's the Winter. :)
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