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tia_tia [17]
1 year ago
10

During the process of heat transfer, the heat transferred to or from a system's surroundings is always?

Chemistry
1 answer:
OleMash [197]1 year ago
8 0

Answer:

During the process of heat transfer, the heat transferred to or from a system's surroundings is always equal in magnitude to the heat transferred to or from the system, but opposite in sign.

<h2>What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?</h2>

The total energy of an isolated system is said to stay constant according to the first rule of thermodynamics. Energy cannot be generated or destroyed, but it may be transformed from one form into another inside a closed system, which is known as the conservation of energy.

This rule states that when a system is exposed to a certain amount of heat, the amount of heat that the system absorbs is equal to the product of the increase in internal energy (change in internal energy) of the system and the external work that the system does. The relationship between a system's internal energy and work output and the heat given to it is demonstrated by the first law of thermodynamics. This equation provides the foundation for the majority of practical innovations like heat engines, freezers, and air conditioners.

The equation for the first law of thermodynamics is given as; ΔU = q + W

Where,

  • ΔU = change in internal energy of the system.
  • q = algebraic sum of heat transfer between system and surroundings.
  • W = work interaction of the system with its surroundings.

The heat transported to or from a system's surroundings during the process of heat transfer is always opposite in sign, but equal in size, to the heat transferred to or from the system.

What is heat transfer?

       The flow of thermal energy between physical systems is known as heat transfer. The temperatures of the systems and the characteristics of the medium used to transmit the heat affect how quickly it transfers. Conduction, convection, and radiation are the three basic ways that heat is transferred. It is crucial to employ heat transfer, or the movement of energy in the form of heat, in applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics since it is a mechanism through which a system changes its internal energy. Diffusion and conduction are two different concepts. Diffusion linked to fluid mixing is not the same as conduction.

    The Second Law of Thermodynamics controls the direction of heat transmission, which is from one area of high temperature to another area of lower temperature. The internal energy of the systems from and to which the energy is transmitted is altered during heat transfer. Heat transfer will take place in a way that makes the group of systems' entropy higher.

   In physics, heat is described as the flow of thermal energy over a boundary that is clearly defined surrounding a thermodynamic system. The amount of work that a thermodynamic system may accomplish is known as the thermodynamic free energy. Enthalpy is a thermodynamic potential with the letter "H" that is made up of the system's internal energy (U) plus the volumetric product of pressure (P) and temperature (T) (V). A joule is a unit used to measure energy, effort, or heat production.

  The quantity of heat transmitted in a thermodynamic process that modifies a system's state relies on how that process happens, not just the net difference between the process' beginning and ending states, since heat transfer is a process function (or route function), as opposed to a function of state.

 The heat transfer coefficient, which represents the relationship between the heat flux and the thermodynamic force that drives the flow of heat, is used to determine both thermodynamic and mechanical heat transfer. A quantitative, vectorial description of the movement of heat through a surface is called a heat flux.

     The term "heat" is sometimes used interchangeably with "thermal energy" in technical applications. This usage derives from the historical understanding of heat as a fluid (caloric) that may be transported by a variety of reasons, which is also prevalent in laypeople's language and daily life.

Thank you,

Eddie

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Determine whether or not each ion contributes to water hardness.
Virty [35]

Answer: The ion that contribute to water hardness are:

--> a. Ca2+

--> b. (HCO)3^- and

--> c. Mg2+

While K+ DOES NOT contribute to water hardness.

Explanation:

WATER in chemistry is known as a universal solvent. This is so because it is polar in nature and dissolves most inorganic solutes and some polar organic solutes to form aqueous solutions. It is composed of elements such as hydrogen and oxygen in the combined ratio of 2:1.

Water is said to be HARD if it does not lather readily with soap. There are two types of water hardness:

--> Permanent hardness: This is mainly due to the presence of CALCIUM and MAGNESIUM ions in the form of soluble tetraoxosulphate(VI) and chlorides. These ions are removed by adding washing soda or caustic soda.

--> Temporary hardness: This is due to the presence of calcium HYDROGENTRIOXOCARBONATES. It can be removed by boiling and using slaked lime.

Therefore from the above given ions, Ca2+,(HCO)3^- and Mg2+ contributes to water hardness.

4 0
2 years ago
Which statement best describes the model that shows a compound?
VashaNatasha [74]
B is the.answer for this problem
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The tendency of an element to react is closely related to
Bad White [126]
C. The number of Valence electrons,
Every atom tries to follow the Octet rule i.e To have 8 electrons in its Valence shell.
Every atom tries to accomodate 8 electrons in its Valence shell to stabilize themselves, Metals usually have 1-3 eletrons in their Valence shell which they donate to non metals so their Valnce shell has 8 electroons, (The previous will now be the Valence shell and it will be full)
Similarly Non metals have 4-7 electrons, they accept electrons from metals so they can have 8 electrons in their Valence shell.
Noble gases already have 8 electrons in their Valance shell, so they do not react and stable.

Hope it helps :)

8 0
3 years ago
Calculate the maximum volume in ml of 0.15M HCl that each of the following antacid formulations would be expected to neutralize.
vlada-n [284]

a. 34 mL; b. 110 mL

a. A tablet containing 150 Mg(OH)₂


Mg(OH)₂ + 2HCl ⟶ MgCl₂ + 2H₂O


<em>Moles of Mg(OH)₂</em> = 150 mg Mg(OH)₂ × [1 mmol Mg(OH)₂/58.32 mg Mg(OH)₂

= 2.572 mmol Mg(OH)₂


<em>Moles of HCl</em> = 2.572 mmol Mg(OH)₂ × [2 mmol HCl/1 mmol Mg(OH)₂]

= 5.144 mmol HCl


Volume of HCl = 5.144 mmol HCl × (1 mmol HCl/0.15 mmol HCl) = 34 mL HCl


b. A tablet containing 850 mg CaCO₃


CaCO₃ + 2HCl ⟶ CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O


<em>Moles of CaCO₃</em> = 850 mg CaCO₃ × [1 mmol CaCO₃/100.09 mg CaCO₃

= 8.492 mmol CaCO₃


<em>Moles of HCl</em> = 8.492 mmol CaCO₃ × [2 mmol HCl/1 mmol CaCO₃]

= 16.98 mmol HCl


Volume of HCl = 16.98 mmol HCl × (1 mL HCl/0.15 mmol HCl) = 110 mL HCl


5 0
3 years ago
How does one's lifestyle contribute to the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration? ​
Black_prince [1.1K]

It contributes by breathing. CO2 is carbon dioxide we breath it out and plants convert it into oxygen.

4 0
3 years ago
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