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1 year ago

discuss how variations in electronegativity result in the unequal sharing of electrons in polar molecules.

1 answer:

6 0

Variations in electronegativity prompt in the unequal halves of electrons in polar molecules because when one atom is more electronegative than the other, it becomes more polar than the other.

It results in the more electronegative atom to have a slightly negative (-ve) charges, and the other atom to have partial or slightly positive(+ve) charges.

Polar molecules have unequal sharing of electrons because the atoms have unequal attraction for electrons so the sharing is unequal.

The larger the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms, the more the polar the bond.

Hydrogen bonds are involved in unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms.

To know more about variations in electronegativity in polar molecules here :

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The theoretical yield is 216.0 kg urea

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Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of ammonia = 122.5 kg

Mass of carbon dioxide = 211.4 kg

Mass of urea produced = 170.3 kg

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Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44.01 g/mol

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Step 2: The balanced equation

2NH3(aq) + CO2(aq) --> CH4N2O(aq) + H2O(l)

Step 3: Calculate moles of NH3

Number of moles = mass / Molar mass

Moles NH3 = 122500 grams / 17.031 g/mol

Moles NH3 = 7192.77 moles

Step 4: Calculate moles of CO2

Moles CO2 = 211400 / 44.01 g/mol

Moles CO2 = 4803.45 moles

Step 5: Calculate limiting reactant

For 2 moles NH3 consumed, we need 1 moles of CO2 to produce 1 mole urea and 1 mole H2O

NH3 is the limiting reactant. It will completely be consumed (7192.77 moles).

CO2 is in excess. There will be consumed 7192.77/2 = 3596.4 moles

There will remain 4803.45 - 3596.4 = 1207.05 moles of CO2

Step 6: Calculate moles of urea produced:

For 2 moles NH3 consumed, we need 1 moles of CO2 to produce 1 mole urea and 1 mole H2O

For 7192.77 moles of NH3, we have 3596.4 moles of urea produced

Step 7: Calculate mass of urea

Mass urea = moles urea * molar mass urea

Mass urea = 3596.4 moles * 60.06 g/mol

Mass urea = 216000 grams = 216 kg = theoretical yield

Step 8: Calculate % yield

% yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield)*100%

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