An exponential equation with a growth rate can be expressed as: where r is a positive number, and represents the growth rate.
In this case since the base of the exponent equals 2, that means r=1, since 1+1=2. This means it has a growth rate of 100%, which makes sense, since the base is 2, meaning it doubles or increases by 100% every time x increases by 1.
Well you find them with the knowledge that all the angles on any of the given point add up to 360 degrees. Also that angles that are opposite from each other are the same.