Using the thermodynamic information in the aleks data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy of the following chemical
1 answer:
The standard reaction free energy is the total energy change of a chemical reaction that occurs at standard conditions. The standard reaction free energy is calculated by subtracting the heat of formation from the enthalpy of formation.
standard reaction free energy = -Hf-Hf
The standard Gibbs free energy, on the other hand, is the total of the enthalpy and the entropy. The Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that depends on the enthalpy and entropy of a system. The change in the Gibbs free energy is equal to ΔG=ΔH-TΔS.
The enthalpy of formation is a measure of how much heat must be put in to break down a compound into its constituent elements. The heat of formation is an estimate of how much heat will be released when the same compound is formed from its constituent elements.
<h3>How is the standard reaction free energy calculated?</h3>The standard reaction free energy is the change in Gibbs free energy, which is the enthalpy minus the entropy. This can be calculated by using E=ΔH-TΔS. The ΔG for a reaction with a standard state change from
atm to
K (the most common atmospheric pressure and temperature), and 1 mol of reactants is equal to 0. The ΔG
for a reaction with standard state changes from 1 atm to 298 K and from
to
atm are equal to
.
The standard reaction free energy can be calculated by using the following equation:
E=ΔH-TΔS, where E is the standard free energy of the reaction.
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1) Mass of one copper atom:
2) There are atoms in the cube
3) Mass of the cubical block: 992 kg
Explanation:
1)
We are told here that the mass of one mole of copper is
for
(number of moles)
We also know that the number of atoms inside 1 mole of substance is equal to Avogadro number:
This means that atoms of copper have a mass of M = 64 g. Therefore, we can find the mass of one copper atom by dividing the total mass by the avogadro number:
2)
We are told that the diameter of a copper atom is
We can assume that the atoms are arranged in a cube, and that they are all attached to each other; so the side of the cube can be written as size of one atom multiplied by the number of atom per side:
where
N is the number of atoms (rows) in one side of the cube
Since the side of the cube is
L = 4.8 cm = 0.048 m
We find N:
This is the number of atom rows per side; therefore, the total number of atoms in the cube is
3)
The total mass of the cubical block of copper will be given by the mass of one atom of copper multiplied by the total number of atoms, so:
where:
is the number of atoms in the cube
is the mass of one atom
Therefore, substituting, we find:
So, the mass of the cubical block is 992 kg.
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Explanation:
(a)
Critical angle is the angle at the angle of refraction is 90°. After the critical angle, no refraction takes place.
Using Snell's law as:
Where,
is the angle of incidence
is the angle of refraction = 90°
is the refractive index of the refraction medium
is the refractive index of the incidence medium
Thus,
The formula for the calculation of critical angle is:
Where,
is the critical angle
(b)
No it cannot occur. It only occur when the light ray bends away from the normal which means that when it travels from denser to rarer medium.