The element involved in the process of petrification, replacement, and permineralization is silica, were petrification is the combination of 2 types of fossilization, replacement, and permineralization
Permineralization is a way of fossilization in which minerals ( like silica have deposited the fill the empty pores of shells or the hard animal parts). Petrification is a process where the organic material is converted to stone by replacing the original material and the pores with minerals, and Replacement occurs when the original bones or shells dissolve away and is replaced by a different mineral, which occurs along with permineralization, the whole process is called petrification.
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