Q 24: Newton's first law of motion states that anything that stands still will stay still unless unbalanced force is acted upon that object. Newton's second law of motion states that the velocity of an object changes when subjected to external Force. Newton's third law of motion says that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. when bumper cars crash into each other one car goes one way and the other goes the other way.
Q 25: if the bumper cars doubled their Mass the motion would be halfed but if the net force is doubled the motion will double.
Answer:
compared to the incident angle, the refracted angle is 45.56⁰
Explanation:
From Snell's law;
n₁sin(I) = n₂sin(r)
Where;
n₁ is the refractive index of light in medium 1 = 1.2
n₂ is the refractive index of light in medium 2 = 1.4
I is the incident angle
r is the refractive angle

I = 56.439⁰
Applying snell's law

Therefore, compared to the incident angle, the refracted angle is 45.56⁰
If the measurement is in joules then you can push something or pull something as long as you are moving the object. Formula: f*n force times newtons