Most of the radiation, however, is absorbed by the earth's surface. ... Every surface on earth absorbs and reflects energy at varying degrees, based on its color and texture. Dark-colored objects absorb more visible radiation; light-colored objects reflect more visible radiation.
It's the fourth choice.
This is because, since we are closer to the Earth, the Earth will have a stronger gravitational pull on us since again, we are closer.
That also explains tides, but that's just getting off topic. Hope I helped.
Air resistance is the answer
The kinetic energy of an object is given by:
KE = 0.5mv²
KE = kinetic energy, m = mass, v = speed
Given values:
KE = 0.161J, v = 2.33m/s
Plug in and solve for m:
0.161 = 0.5m(2.33)²
m = 0.059kg
