Mr. Roentgen's x-rays allowed scientists to measure the size of the atom. The x-rays were small enough to discern the atomic clouds. This was done by scattering x-rays from atoms and measuring their size just as Rutherford had done earlier by hitting atoms with other nuclei starting with alpha particles.
The potential energy decreases while the kinetic energy increases.
In physical chemistry, the terms body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) refer to the cubic crystal system of a solid. Each solid is made up simple building blocks called lattice units. There are different layouts of a lattice unit.
It is better understood using 3-D models shown in the picture. A BCC unit cell has one lattice point in the center, together with eight corner atoms which represents 1/8 of an atom. Therefore, there are 1+ 8(1/8) = 2 atoms in a BCC unit cell. On the other hand, a FCC unit cell is composed of half of an atom in each of its faces and 1/8 of an atom in its corners. Therefore, there are (1/2)6 + (1/8)8 = 4 atoms in a FCC unit cell.
(a)
KE = m v^2 / 2 = (1200 kg)(20 m/s)^2 / 2 = 240,000 J
(b)
The energy is entirely dissipated by the force of friction in the brake system.
(c)
W = delta KE = KEf - KEi = (0 - 240,000) J = -240,000 J
(d)
Fd = delta KE
F = (delta KE) / d = (-240,000 J) / (50 m) = -4800 N
The magnitude of the friction force is 4800 N.