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vovangra [49]
3 years ago
11

4. When benzene reacts with 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentyl chloride) in the presence of aluminum chloride, the major pr

oduct is 2-methyl-2-phenylbutane, not 2,2-dimethyl-1- phenylpropane (neopentylbenzene). Explain this result

Chemistry
1 answer:
BARSIC [14]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Explanation:

In this case, we have a <u>Friedel-Craft reaction</u> (see figure 1). Usually in this type of reaction, the benzene ring is <u>bonded directly to the carbon that has the halide atom</u>. But in this specific case, this is not happening.

To understand why we have to remember the reaction mechanism of this reaction. As first, step the Cl-C bond attacks the AlCl_3 and we form a new bond between the alkyl halide and the AlCl_3, finally the C-Cl bond is broken and a <u>carbocation is formed</u>. In this case, we will have a primary carbocation, a very <u>unstable species</u>. Therefore we will have a <u>methyl shift</u> to obtain a tertiary carbocation.

This tertiary carbocation will react with and continues the reaction. (See figure 2)

I hope it helps!

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Assuming that the solubility of radon in water with 1 atm pressure of the gas over the water at 30 ∘C is 7.27×10−3M, what is the
Daniel [21]

Answer:

K = 137.55 atm/M.

Explanation:

  • The relationship between gas pressure and the  concentration of dissolved gas is given by  Henry’s law:

<em>P = (K)(C)</em>

where P is the partial pressure of the gaseous  solute above the solution (P = 1.0 atm).

k is a constant (Henry’s constant).

C is the concentration of the dissolved gas (C = 7.27 x 10⁻³ M).

∴ K = P/C = (1.0 atm)/(7.27 x 10⁻³ M) = 137.55 atm/M.

4 0
3 years ago
Calculate the electric double layer thickness of a alumina colloid in a dilute (0.1 mol/dm3) CsCI electrolyte solution at 30 °C.
Ad libitum [116K]

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

    Concentration = 0.1 mol/dm^{3}

                             = 0.1 \frac{mol dm^{3}}{dm^{3}} \frac{10^{3}}{dm^{3}} \times \frac{6.022 \times 10^{23}}{1 mol} ions

                             = 6.022 \times 10^{25} ions/m^{3}

               T = 30^{o}C = (30 + 273) K = 303 K

Formula for electric double layer thickness (\lambda_{D}) is as follows.

            \lambda_{D} = \frac{1}{k} = \sqrt \frac{\varepsilon \varepsilon_{o} K_{g}T}{2 n^{o} z^{2} \varepsilon^{2}}

where, n^{o} = concentration = 6.022 \times 10^{25} ions/m^{3}

Hence, putting the given values into the above equation as follows.

                 \lambda_{D} = \sqrt \frac{\varepsilon \varepsilon_{o} K_{g}T}{2 n^{o} z^{2} \varepsilon^{2}}                    

                          = \sqrt \frac{78 \times 8.854 \times 10^{-12} c^{2}/Jm \times 1.38 \times 10^{-23}J/K \times 303 K}{2 \times 6.022 \times 10^{25} ions/m^{3} \times (1)^{2} \times (1.6 \times 10^{-19}C)^{2}}  

                         = 9.669 \times 10^{-10} m

or,                     = 9.7 A^{o}

                          = 1 nm (approx)

Also, it is known that \lambda_{D} = \sqrt \frac{1}{n^{o}}

Hence, we can conclude that addition of 0.1 mol/dm^{3} of KCl in 0.1 mol/dm^{3} of NaBr "\lambda_{D}" will decrease but not significantly.

7 0
3 years ago
How does adding an atom affect the position of existing atoms or lone pairs?
Paha777 [63]

Adding an atom will increase the repulsion between existing atoms and lone pairs. Added atom will result in bond pair-bond pair and bond pair-lone pair repulsion. The magnitude of the lone pair-bond pair repulsion is greater than the bond pair-bond pair repulsion. The added atom will change the electron geometry and bring about a distortion in the molecular geometry.

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
0.58 mol of Mg contains how many atoms? please show work
Jet001 [13]

The number of atoms present in 0.58 mole of magnesium, Mg is 3.49×10²³ atoms

<h3>Avogadro's hypothesis </h3>

1 mole of Mg = 6.02×10²³ atoms

<h3>How to determine the atoms in 0.58 mole of Mg </h3>

1 mole of Mg = 6.02×10²³ atoms

Therefore,

0.58 mole of Mg = 0.58 × 6.02×10²³

0.58 mole of Mg = 3.49×10²³ atoms

Thus, 3.49×10²³ atoms are present in 0.58 mole of Mg

Learn more about Avogadro's number:

brainly.com/question/26141731

#SPJ1

3 0
2 years ago
93.0 mL of O2 gas is collected over water at 0.930 atm and 10.0C what would be the volume of this dry gas at STP
Dahasolnce [82]
The  volume  of  the  dry   gas  at     stp  is  calculated as follows

calculate  the  number  on  moles  by use  of   PV =nRT  where  n  is  the number  of  moles

n  is therefore  = Pv/RT
P  = 0.930  atm
R(gas  contant=  0.0821  L.atm/k.mol
V= 93ml  to  liters =  93/1000= 0.093L
T=  10  +  273.15 = 283.15k

n=  (0.930  x0.093)  /(0.0821  x283.15) =  3.  72  x10^-3  moles

At  STp    1  mole  =  22.4L
what about  3.72  x10^-3 moles

by  cross  multiplication

volume =  (3.72  x10^-3)mole  x  22.4L/  1  moles  = 0.083 L   or  83.3 Ml
3 0
3 years ago
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